Pangali: Difference between revisions

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==== Intervocalic Lenition ====
==== Intervocalic Lenition ====
Nonprenasalized and nongeminated consonants that occur intervocalically are voiced if the preceding syllable is unstressed:
Nonprenasalized and nongeminated consonants that occur intervocalically are voiced if the preceding syllable is unstressed:
*''upaki'' /upaki/ = [u.baˈki]
* '''upaki''' /upaki/ = [u.baˈki]
** ''umpaki'' /uᵐpaki / = [ˈu.ᵐpaˈki], not *[ˈu.ᵐbaˈki]
** '''ubaki''' /uᵐpaki / = [ˈu.ᵐpaˈki], not *[ˈu.ᵐbaˈki]


*''ngutasa'' /ŋutasa/ = [ˈŋu.ta.zə]
*'''ńutasa''' /ŋutasa/ = [ˈŋu.ta.zə]
** ''ngutassa'' /ŋutasːa/ = [ˈŋu.taˌsːa], not *[ˈŋu.taˌzːa]
** '''ńutassa''' /ŋutasːa/ = [ˈŋu.taˌsːa], not *[ˈŋu.taˌzːa]


==== Centralization ====
==== Centralization ====
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised to [ɐ]:
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised to [ɐ]:


*''shanu'a'' /ʃanuʔa/ = [ʃa.nʉˈʔa]
*'''śanuâ''' /ʃanuʔa/ = [ʃa.nʉˈʔa]
*''sa'ammu'' /saʔamːu/ = [sɐˈʔaˌmːu]
*'''saâmmu''' /saʔamːu/ = [sɐˈʔaˌmːu]
*''pi'a'' /piʔa/ = [pɨˈʔa]
*'''piâ''' /piʔa/ = [pɨˈʔa]


==== Lowering of Close Vowels ====
==== Lowering of Close Vowels ====
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants:


*''sintu'' /siⁿtu/ = [ˈsɛ.ⁿtu]
*'''sidu''' /siⁿtu/ = [ˈsɛ.ⁿtu]
*'''unga'' /ʔuŋa/ = [ˈʔɔ. ŋa]
*'''úńa''' /ʔuŋa/ = [ˈʔɔ. ŋa]


==== Labio-Velar Fortition ====
==== Labio-Velar Fortition ====
/w/ fortifies to [g<sup>w</sup>] in stressed onset positions preceding /u/ and to [v] intervocalically when the preceding syllable is unstressed:
/w/ fortifies to [g<sup>w</sup>] in stressed onset positions preceding /u/ and to [v] intervocalically when the preceding syllable is unstressed:


*''wupani'' /wupani/ = [ˈgʷu.pa.ni]
*'''wupani''' /wupani/ = [ˈgʷu.pa.ni]
**''wapani'' /wapani/ = [ˈwa.pa.ni], not *[ˈgʷa.pa.ni]
**'''wapani''' /wapani/ = [ˈwa.pa.ni], not *[ˈgʷa.pa.ni]
*''ngisatawu'' /ŋisatawu/ = [ˈŋi.sa.da.vu]
*'''ńisatawu''' /ŋisatawu/ = [ˈŋi.sa.da.vu]
**''hawi'' /ʔawi/ = [ˈʔa.wi], not *[ˈʔa.vi]
**'''hawi''' /ʔawi/ = [ˈʔa.wi], not *[ˈʔa.vi]


==== Open Vowel Reduction ====
==== Open Vowel Reduction ====
/a/ is reduced to /ə/ in word final syllables if the preceding syllable is unstressed:
/a/ is reduced to /ə/ in word final syllables if the preceding syllable is unstressed:


*''ungkushala'' /uᵑkuʃala/ = [ɔ.ˈᵑku.ʃa.lə]
*'''uguśala''' /uᵑkuʃala/ = [ɔ.ˈᵑku.ʃa.lə]
**''ngkila'' /ᵑkila/ = [ˈᵑki.la], not *[ᵑkilə]
**'''gila''' /ᵑkila/ = [ˈᵑki.la], not *[ᵑkilə]


=== Phonotactics ===
=== Phonotactics ===
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