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Pangali: Difference between revisions
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→Allophonic Variation
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=== Allophonic Variation === | === Allophonic Variation === | ||
==== | ==== Plosives ==== | ||
Obstruents are the most unstable aspect of Pangali's phonological inventory, with a total of nine different allophonic realizations based on stress alone. | Obstruents are the most unstable aspect of Pangali's phonological inventory, with a total of nine different allophonic realizations based on stress alone. | ||
===== <small>Sonorization</small> ===== | ===== <small>Sonorization</small> ===== | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!Shift | !Shift | ||
! | !Example | ||
|- | |- | ||
!/p/ → [b] | |||
|/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a] | |/ʔu'''p'''a/ → [ʔuˈ'''b'''a] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!/t/ → [d] | |||
|/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈvi] | |/huwu'''t'''uwi/ → [hu.wu.'''d'''uˈvi]<sup>1</sup> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!/k/ → [g] | |||
|/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u] | |/ⁿta'''k'''u/ → [ⁿtaˈ'''g'''u] | ||
|- | |- | ||
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[WIP] | [WIP] | ||
Word initially, /p | Word initially, /p t k/ shift to [f s x] when the following syllable shares the same onset. Under the same conditions intervocalically, /p t k/ instead shift to [p͡f t͡s k͡x]: | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center" | {| class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center" | ||
|- | |- | ||
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!Example | !Example | ||
|- | |- | ||
!/p/ → [f] | |||
|/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba] | |/'''p'''apa/ → ['''f'''aˈba] | ||
!/p/ → [p͡f] | |||
|/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba] | |/ᵐpi'''p'''apa/ → [ᵐpi.'''p͡f'''aˈba] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!/t/ → [s] | |||
|/'''t'''u.tiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈɹa] | |/'''t'''u.tiɹa/ → ['''s'''u.diˈɹa] | ||
!/t/ → [t͡s] | |||
|/ᵐpi'''t'''u.tiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈɹa] | |/ᵐpi'''t'''u.tiɹa/ → [ᵐpi.'''t͡s'''u.diˈɹa] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! /k/ → [x] | |||
|/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga] | |/'''k'''uka/ → ['''x'''uˈga] | ||
!/k/ → [k͡x] | |||
|/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga] | |/ᵐpi'''k'''uka/ → [ᵐpi.'''k͡x'''uˈga] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
It is theorized that | It is theorized that /p t k/ originally affricated in all positions but later spirantized in word initial. | ||
==== <small>Labio-Velar Fortition</small> ==== | |||
/w/ fortifies to [gʷ] preceding /u/ and to [v] before /i a/ when occuring in a stressed syllable: | |||
==== Centralization ==== | {|class="wikitable" style="float:center; border: none; text-align:center" | ||
! Shifts | |||
! colspan=2 | Examples | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2 | /w/ → [v] | |||
|/pa'''w'''a/ → [paˈ'''v'''a] | |||
|- | |||
|/ki'''w'''i/ → [kiˈ'''v'''i] | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2 | /w/ → [gʷ] | |||
|/iɹata'''w'''u/ → [i.ɹa.daˈ'''ɡʷ'''u] | |||
|- | |||
|/ni'''w'''u/ → [niˈ'''gʷ'''u] | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Vowels ==== | |||
==== <small>Centralization</small> ==== | |||
Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised: | Vowels preceding /ʔ/ are centralized. /a/ is both centralized and raised: | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!Shift | !Shift | ||
! | !Example | ||
|- | |- | ||
!/a/ → [ɐ] | |||
|/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu] | |/h'''a'''ʔamu/ → [h'''ɐ'''.ʔaˈmu]<sup>2</sup> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!/u/ → [ʉ] | |||
|/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa] | |/han'''u'''ʔa/ → [ha.n'''ʉ'''ˈʔa]<sup>2</sup> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!/i/ → [ɨ] | |||
|/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa] | |/p'''i'''ʔa/ → [p'''ɨ'''ˈʔa] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
==== Lowering ==== | ==== <small>Lowering</small> ==== | ||
/i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants: | /i/ and /u/ are lowered to [ɛ] and [ɔ], respectively, when preceding nasals and prenasalized consonants: | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!Shift | !Shift | ||
!Examples | !colspan=2 | Examples | ||
|- | |- | ||
!/i/ → [ɛ] | |||
|/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] | |/h'''i'''ⁿtu/ → [h'''ɛ'''ˈⁿtu] || /tat'''i'''nu/ → [sa.d'''ɛ'''ˈnu] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!/u/ → [ɔ] | |||
|/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] | |/ʔ'''u'''ŋa/ → [ʔ'''ɔ'''ˈŋa] || /k'''u'''maki/ → [k'''ɔ'''.maˈgi] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== Phonotactics === | === Phonotactics === | ||