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==ʔ== | ==ʔ== | ||
*√ʔ- | *√ʔ-v-v | ||
**'' | **''viv'' 'spring' | ||
**'' | **''etaviv'' (literary) 'to become spring' | ||
*√ʔ-(w)-r | *√ʔ-(w)-r | ||
**''aur'' 'light' | **''aur'' 'light' | ||
**''awer'' 'to illuminate' | **''awer'' 'to illuminate' | ||
*√ʔ- | *√ʔ-ð-m | ||
**'' | **''ðum'' 'red' | ||
*''ež'' 'then' | *''ež'' 'then' | ||
*√ʔ-h-ž | *√ʔ-h-ž | ||
**''haž'' 'receive' | **''haž'' 'receive' | ||
*√ʔ-ž-n | **''mahėž'' 'reception' | ||
**'' | *√ʔ-ž-n ~ ʔ-ð-n | ||
**''øðny'' 'ear' | |||
**''ažen'' 'listen' | |||
**''stažen'' 'contemplate' | |||
*√ʔ-y-s | *√ʔ-y-s | ||
**''is'' 'equal' | **''is'' 'equal' | ||
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**''my'ėsi'' 'to identify (find the identity of)' | **''my'ėsi'' 'to identify (find the identity of)' | ||
**''ajes'' 'to compare' | **''ajes'' 'to compare' | ||
***''ajus'' ' | ***''ajus'' 'comparison' | ||
**'' | **''tajes'' 'to equate' | ||
***'' | ***''tajus'' 'equation' | ||
*√ʔ- | *''ak'' 'although, though' | ||
**'' | *√ʔ-k-l | ||
**'' | **''økal'' 'to eat' | ||
**'' | **''ekly'' 'food' | ||
***'' | **''takil'' 'comsumption' | ||
***''takili'' 'to consume' | |||
*√ʔ-l-h | *√ʔ-l-h | ||
**'' | **''lėh'' 'god'; ''yn Ylėh'' 'God' | ||
**''lėhit'' 'goddess' | |||
**''aleh'' 'to deify' | **''aleh'' 'to deify' | ||
*''elėn'' 'tree' | |||
*√ʔ-m-n | *√ʔ-m-n | ||
**''amėn'' (in some religions) 'Amen' | **''amėn'' (in some religions) 'Amen' | ||
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**''emry'' 'remark' | **''emry'' 'remark' | ||
**''amer'' 'to command' | **''amer'' 'to command' | ||
*√ʔ-r- | **''ty'amer'' 'to prohibit' | ||
**'' | *√ʔ-g-n | ||
*√ʔ- | ** ''igona'' 'image' | ||
**'' | *** ''agen'' 'to display' | ||
*√ʔ-r-h | |||
** ''ør'' 'way' (only in ''nux ør'' 'somehow' etc.) | |||
*√ʔ-r-ž | |||
**''aržy'' 'earth' | |||
***''aržo'' 'down' | |||
*√ʔ-t-j | |||
**''tė'' 'to come' | |||
== | ==V== | ||
*'' | *''veit'' 'house' | ||
**'' | **''veitėt'' 'housing' | ||
* | *√v-h-r | ||
**'' | **''vor'' 'sea' | ||
* | *√v-ȝ-l | ||
**'' | **''vol'' 'master, lord' | ||
**'' | **''avȝel'' 'to be able to' | ||
* | *√v-lv-l | ||
**'' | **''valvel'' 'to confuse (cause someone to be confused)' | ||
**'' | **''tyvalvel'' 'to mix up (two things)' | ||
* | *√v-r-ʔ | ||
**'' | **''vra'' 'to create (of gods)' | ||
**'' | **''vru'' '(poetic) world' | ||
* | **''vri'' 'healthy' | ||
**'' | *√v-š-r | ||
**'' | **''vyšar'' 'body' | ||
**'' | **''vašer'' 'to embody, to physically realize' | ||
**''møvašar'' 'incarnate' | |||
**''tyvašer'' 'to reincarnate' | |||
== | ==Γ== | ||
* | *√γ-d-l | ||
**'' | **''γdėl'' 'big' | ||
**'' | **''etyγdel'' 'to grow' | ||
* | *√γ-w-s | ||
**'' | **''γus'' 'taste' (ancient borrowing from Greek) | ||
**'' | **''γawes'' 'to taste' | ||
*√γ-l-l | |||
**''γal'' 'wave' | |||
**''tyγalel'' 'to reverberate, to resound' | |||
*√γ-m-m (cognate to Hebrew גם) | |||
** ''γmėm'' 'in total' | |||
** ''γam'' (archaic) 'in all' | |||
** ''γamut'' 'collection; larger superset of a musical scale' (source of Irtan English ''gamut'') | |||
== | == Ð == | ||
* | *√ð-m-m | ||
**'' | **''ðam'' = blood | ||
**'' | **''ðamem'' = to bleed | ||
* | *√ð-n | ||
**'' | **''ðun'' = to think (to be of the opinion that); to deem | ||
**'' | **''ðawan'' = judge | ||
**'' | **''ðawen'' = to judge | ||
**'' | **''ðint'' = judgement | ||
* | *√ð-m-y | ||
**'' | **''ðemi'' = stillness, rest | ||
**'' | **''ðėme'' = similar | ||
**'' | **''nyðmi'' = to be silent | ||
**'' | *√ð-w-r? | ||
***'' | **''ðėr'' = children (Arabic dār 'house', Hebrew dor 'generation') | ||
* | ***''myðėr'' = clan | ||
**'' | *√ð-r-k | ||
**'' | **''ðrak'' = away | ||
**'' | **''ðarky'' = road | ||
**'' | **''ðrak'' = to go, to walk | ||
**'' | **''aðrek'' = to lead | ||
***'' | **''styðrek'' = to prove (mathematics) | ||
**'' | ***''istyðrekbyl'' = unprovable | ||
*√ð-r-r | |||
**''ðrėr'' = freedom | |||
*√ð-r-s | |||
**''ðrøs'' = to study, to learn | |||
**''ðaras'' = student, pupil | |||
**''ðares'' = to demand | |||
**''tyðares'' = to teach | |||
**''myðras'' = school | |||
***''myðrasi'' = to school | |||
**''tyðrus'' = lesson | |||
==H== | ==H== | ||
*√h- | *√h-v-v ~ '-h-v | ||
**'' | **''havi'' 'hobby' | ||
*√h- | **''hėvėv'' 'amateur' | ||
**'' | **''havt'' 'love' | ||
*√h- | **''øhav'' 'to love' | ||
**'' | **''þahev (løv)'' 'to fall in love (with)' | ||
*√h- | *√h-v-r | ||
**'' | **''staver'' 'to associate' | ||
**'' | *√h-γ-j | ||
*√h-m- | **''haγė'' 'to savor, to enjoy' (originally 'to contemplate, to dwell on') | ||
**''hiγuj'' 'enjoyment' (a cognate is a source of Irtan English ''hygge'') | |||
*√h-ð-r | |||
**''heðry'' 'chest (box)' | |||
*√h-ð-š | |||
**''ðiš'' 'new' | |||
*√h-d-ʔ | |||
**''heda'' 'sin' | |||
**''hadė'' 'to sin' | |||
*h-w-j | |||
** ''hwė'' 'to be' | |||
** ''hėwi'' 'being, entity' | |||
*√h-j-w | |||
**''heiwėt'' 'life' | |||
**''heiwi'' 'vital' | |||
**''heiwut'' 'livelihood' | |||
**''heiwan'' 'lively' | |||
**''heiwanut'' 'liveliness, vitality' | |||
**''anjė'' 'to save, to leave alive' (from rhinoglottophilia) | |||
*√h-m-ð | |||
**''hėmeð'' 'to praise' | |||
*√h-m-l | *√h-m-l | ||
**''hømal'' 'to suffer' | **''hømal'' 'to suffer' | ||
**'' | **''hemlyt'' 'patience' | ||
**''hemlan'' 'patient' | |||
**''ahmel'' 'to make someone suffer, to inflict' | **''ahmel'' 'to make someone suffer, to inflict' | ||
**'' | **''tamel'' 'to deserve (something bad), to have it coming' | ||
*√h-m-m | *√h-m-m | ||
**''ham'' 'hot' | **''ham'' 'hot' | ||
**'' | **''mum'' 'warm' | ||
*√h-sm-l | *√h-sm-l | ||
**'' | **''smalut'' 'electricity' | ||
*√h-r- | *√h-g-n | ||
**'' | ** ''hegan'' 'sufficient' | ||
**'' | ** ''hagen lid'' 'to provide for' | ||
*√h-r-v | |||
**''harvy'' 'sword' | |||
**''røv'' 'to kill' | |||
*√h-r-c | *√h-r-c | ||
**'' | **''ruc'' 'yellow' | ||
==Z== | ==Z== | ||
*√z-v-n | |||
**''zvøn'' 'to buy' | |||
*√z-d-r | |||
**''zydir'' 'small' | |||
**''zydarder'' 'tiny' | |||
*√z-m-r | *√z-m-r | ||
**''myzmer'' 'kantele' | **''myzmer'' 'kantele' | ||
**'' | **''zmør'' 'to sing' | ||
**'' | **''tyzmert'' 'choir' | ||
*√z-n | |||
**''azen'' 'to nurture' | |||
*√z-n-h | *√z-n-h | ||
**''zønah'' 'to abandon' | **''zønah'' 'to abandon' | ||
*√z-r-ȝ | *√z-r-ȝ | ||
**'' | **''zarȝy'' 'seed' | ||
**'' | **''zraȝ'' 'to sow' | ||
==Ž== | ==Ž== | ||
*√ž- | *√ž-v-h (sometimes confused with d-v-h) | ||
**'' | **''tyžvuh'' 'sacrifice (the act of sacrifice)' | ||
**'' | **''žvih'' 'sacrifice (the thing or person sacrificed)' | ||
**'' | **''žaveh'' 'to sacrifice (literally or metaphorically)' | ||
**'' | **''myžvah'' 'altar' | ||
*''žabi'' 'antelope' | *''žabi'' 'antelope' | ||
*√ž-h- | *√ž-h-v | ||
**'' | **''žahav'' 'gold' | ||
**'' | **''žahev'' 'to gild' | ||
*√ž-h-r | *√ž-h-r | ||
**''žohry'' 'noon' | **''žohry'' 'noon' | ||
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**''ždame'' 'to thirst/yearn/long for' | **''ždame'' 'to thirst/yearn/long for' | ||
*√ž-m-r | *√ž-m-r | ||
**'' | **''žemryt'' 'might, power' | ||
**'' | **''etyžmer'' 'to intensify' | ||
*√ž-n- | *√ž-n-v | ||
**'' | **''žanav'' 'tail' | ||
*√ž- | **''žnøv'' 'to follow' | ||
**'' | **''žanev'' 'to chase' | ||
**'' | *√ž-k-r "to remember" | ||
**'' | **''žøkør'' 'to remember' | ||
**'' | **''žaker'' 'to record; to memorize' | ||
**'' | **''ažker'' 'to remind' | ||
**'' | **''hyždyker'' 'to come to mind' | ||
**'' | **''styžker'' 'to make note of' | ||
**'' | **''tyžkir'' 'mnemonic' | ||
*√ž- | **''myžkar'' 'souvenir' | ||
**'' | **''žekryt'' 'memory' | ||
*√ž-k-r "male" | |||
**''žykar'' 'male' | |||
*√ž-r-ȝ | *√ž-r-ȝ | ||
**'' | **''žyrėȝ'' 'arm' | ||
== | ==D== | ||
* | *√d-v | ||
**'' | **''dėv'' 'good' | ||
* | **''adev'' 'to improve' | ||
**'' | *√d-v-h | ||
**'' | **''daveh'' 'to slaughter' | ||
* | **''davhan'' 'butcher' | ||
**'' | *√d-ȝ-j | ||
* | **''dyȝuj'' 'wrong' | ||
**'' | *√d-ȝ-m | ||
**'' | **''dȝam'' 'to choose; (archaic) to taste' | ||
***'' | **''daȝem'' 'to elect' | ||
**'' | ***''daȝum'' 'election' | ||
**'' | **''tydaȝem'' '(literary) to be pleased with, to take pleasure in' | ||
* | **''stydȝem'' 'to try out' | ||
**'' | *√d-m-ʔ | ||
* | **''dma'' 'dirty' | ||
**'' | *√d-g-j | ||
**'' | **''dugi'' 'parrot' | ||
**''dagė'' 'to parrot, to repeat' | |||
==J== | ==J== | ||
*'' | *''jað'' 'hand' | ||
*√j- | *√j/w-v-s | ||
**'' | **''javas'' 'dry' | ||
*√j-m-n | *√j-m-n | ||
**''jymin'' 'right' | **''jymin'' 'right' | ||
*√j/w-ð-ȝ | |||
**''jeðȝy'' 'knowledge' | |||
**''iðiȝ'' 'knowledgeable' | |||
***''iðiȝyr'' 'know-it-all' | |||
**''ðaȝ'' 'to know' | |||
**''iðuȝ'' 'known; data' | |||
**''oðeȝ'' 'to let someone know' | |||
*''jein'' 'wine' | |||
*√j/w-h-v | |||
**''hav'' 'to give' | |||
*√j/w-k-l | |||
**''kėl; wykėl'' 'can' | |||
**''jøkly'' 'possibility' | |||
***''jøkli'' 'possible' | |||
****''ijøkli'' 'impossible' | |||
*√j/w-l-ð | |||
**''jalðy'' 'child' | |||
**''molað'' 'Christmas' | |||
** ''toleð'' 'birth' | |||
**''lað'' (archaic) 'to give birth to (of a woman)' | |||
**''oleð'' 'to give birth to, to sire, to father' (for both genders in the modern language) | |||
*√j/w-ȝ-v | |||
**''jaȝev'' 'to hate' | |||
**''oȝev'' 'to disgust' | |||
**''iȝuv'' 'disgusting, ugly' | |||
*√j/w-r-ʔ | |||
**''ira'' 'to fear' | |||
**''jare'' 'to cause to fear, to scare' | |||
**''stori'' (weak, from OTog ''hastȯrḗ'' 'to revere') 'to admire, to marvel' | |||
***''stor'' 'marvel, admiration' (backformed) | |||
*√j/w-r-ð (to descend) | |||
**''reð, wėrað'' 'to descend' | |||
**''jėreð'' 'conspicuous' | |||
*** Brythonic ''*ujredd'' > English ''weird'' | |||
*''wrað'' 'rose' | |||
*√j/w-r-g | |||
**''jarg'' 'vegetable' | |||
**''jyragt'' 'vegetation' | |||
**''jyrug'' 'green; environmentally friendly' | |||
***''jyrugi'' 'to green, to make environmentally friendly' | |||
**''jareg'' 'to fill with plants' | |||
**''oreg'' 'to become green' | |||
*√j/w-r-š | |||
**''jarš'' 'inheritance' | |||
**''reš'' 'to inherit' | |||
**''oreš'' 'to leave as inheritance' | |||
**''iriš'' 'heritable' | |||
**''irišt'' 'gene' | |||
**''morašt'' 'heritage' | |||
**''tjarešt'' 'tradition' | |||
*√j/w-ž-ʔ | |||
**''ža, wėža'' 'to come out, to turn out' | |||
**''možat'' 'outcome, result' | |||
*√w-š-n-f-r | |||
**''wyšnafer'' 'rain fell with a strong wind' (~ Amharic ''wäšänäffärä'') | |||
*√j/w-t-r | |||
**''iter'' 'to remain, to be left' | |||
**''itur'' 'the rest' | |||
**''oter'' 'to leave' | |||
**''etotar'' 'to be left alone' | |||
== | ==K== | ||
* | *''kauv'' 'star' (haplogized from *kaukav) | ||
**'' | *√k-ž-v | ||
**'' | **''kažvy'' 'lie (untruth)' | ||
**'' | **''kažvan'' 'liar' | ||
**'' | **''kžøv'' 'to lie (tell a lie)' | ||
* | **''kažev'' 'to deceive' | ||
**'' | **''akžev'' 'to deny' | ||
**'' | **''þykažev'' 'to disillusion, to disappoint' | ||
*'' | *√k-h-j | ||
* | **''kyhuj'' 'dark' | ||
**'' | **''akhė'' 'to darken' | ||
**'' | *''kenėr'' 'harp' (from An Bhlaoighne "chionnóir", cognate with Hebrew כִּנּוֹר) | ||
* | *√k-l-y | ||
**'' | **''klė'' '(flowery) to end (intrans)' | ||
**'' | **''kalė'' 'to end (trans)' | ||
* | **''þykalė'' (''euphemistic'') 'to pass away' | ||
**'' | **''styklė'' 'to end (intrans)' | ||
**'' | *√k-n | ||
* | **''kun'' 'correct, true' | ||
**'' | **''stykin'' 'to train oneself' | ||
**'' | *√k-r-s | ||
**'' | **''kares'' 'to thank' | ||
**''ekarus'' 'thanksgiving; thank you!' | |||
*√k-s-f | |||
**''kasfy'' 'silver, money' | |||
**''myksaf'' 'bank' | |||
*√k-t-v | |||
**''ktøv'' 'to write' | |||
**''tykatev'' to correspond' | |||
**''tyktøv'' 'to rewrite' | |||
==L== | ==L== | ||
*''lė'' = not; no | *''lė'' = not; no | ||
*''ly'' = to, for | *''ly'' = to, for | ||
*√l- | *√l-v-n | ||
**'' | **''lyvun'' 'white' | ||
**'' | **''tlyven'' 'to become white' | ||
**'' | **''alven'' 'to whiten (something), to whitewash' | ||
*√l- | *√l-v-s | ||
**'' | **''lyvas'' 'clothes' | ||
*√l-m- | *√l-l | ||
**'' | **''lal'' 'voice' (from Old Togarmite ''lāl'', from Greek ''lalia'') | ||
**'' | **''lali'' 'vocal' | ||
**'' | *√l-m-ð | ||
*√l-m-s | **''lmað'' 'to notice, to experience, to come to know' | ||
**''lameð'' 'to show, to point out' | |||
**''hyltymeð'' 'to find one's way around' | |||
*√l-m-s (← Greek ''eleēmosynē'') | |||
**''lamusin'' 'charity' | **''lamusin'' 'charity' | ||
**''lames'' 'give charitably, do charity' | **''lames'' 'give charitably, do charity' | ||
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==M== | ==M== | ||
*√m- | *√m-γ-l | ||
**'' | **''mγil'' 'glorious' (from Greek ''megalos'') | ||
*√m-l- | *√m-l-k | ||
**'' | **''malky'' 'king' | ||
**''mløk'' 'to rule' | |||
*√m-n-ȝ | |||
**''mnaȝ'' 'to flee' | |||
*√m-n-w | *√m-n-w | ||
**'' | **''mno'' 'to count' (in the sense 'to matter, to be considered') | ||
*''mein'' 'water' | *''mein'' 'water' | ||
**''majen'' 'to water' | **''majen'' 'to water' | ||
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*√m-ȝ-l | *√m-ȝ-l | ||
**''maȝly'' 'step' | **''maȝly'' 'step' | ||
**'' | **''maȝlyt'' 'stairway' | ||
**''stymȝel'' 'to dare' | **''stymȝel'' 'to dare' | ||
*√m-(w)-t | *√m-(w)-t | ||
**'' | **''maut'' 'death' | ||
**'' | **''mut'' 'to die' | ||
**''amet'' 'to kill' | |||
**''stymet'' 'to commit suicide' | |||
==N== | ==N== | ||
*√n- | *√n-v-ʔ | ||
**'' | **''navi'' 'prophet' (from Hebrew) | ||
**'' | **''nave'' 'to prophesy' | ||
**'' | **''þynave'' 'to call out (a wrongdoing)' | ||
*√n- | **''stynve'' 'to lecture sanctimoniously, to scold' | ||
**'' | *√n-v-d | ||
*√n- | **''þynaved (vy)'' 'to look (at)' | ||
**'' | *√n-ð-r | ||
**''nyður'' 'few' | |||
*√n-ȝ-m | *√n-ȝ-m | ||
**''nyȝam'' 'nice' | **''nyȝam'' 'nice' | ||
**''nyȝum'' 'happy' | |||
*√n-f-l | *√n-f-l | ||
**''føl'' 'to fall' | **''føl'' 'to fall' | ||
**''nøfl'' 'fall (season)' | **''nøfl'' 'fall (season)' | ||
*√n-g-d | |||
**''ngød'' 'to wield (a weapon); to use' | |||
*√n-š-ʔ | *√n-š-ʔ | ||
**''naše'' 'to | **''naše'' 'to bring, to take' | ||
*√n- | *√n-t-n | ||
**'' | **''matun'' 'data' | ||
==Ȝ== | ==Ȝ== | ||
*√ȝ-m- | *''ȝakviš'' 'spider' | ||
**'' | *''ȝeilur'' 'cat' | ||
**'' | *''ȝygrav'' 'scorpion' | ||
*√ȝ-n- | *√ȝ-v-ð | ||
**''tyȝvið'' 'profession' | |||
*''ȝiš'' 'is located', c.f. nimtza in Hebrew - grammatically an adjective | |||
*''ȝuð'' 'lute' | |||
**''ȝuði'' 'to play the lute' | |||
**''ȝuðyr'' 'lute player' | |||
*√ȝ-ž-m | |||
**''ȝžum'' 'strong' | |||
*√ȝ-j-n | |||
**''mojan'' 'source; typeface' (semantics influenced by English ''font'') | |||
**''tojin'' 'mental focus' (Henosis Ousias technical term, c.f. darśana in yoga) | |||
*√ȝ-l-j | |||
**''ȝlė'' 'to go up (from ȝ-l-y); to cost (from ġ-l-y)' | |||
*√ȝ-m-ð | |||
**''ȝømøð'' 'to stand' | |||
**''tyȝameð'' 'to resist' | |||
*√ȝ-n-j | |||
**''þyȝane'' 'to satisfy' | **''þyȝane'' 'to satisfy' | ||
**''ȝni'' 'needy, in distress' | **''ȝni'' 'needy, in distress' | ||
**'' | **''ȝnut'' 'need, emergency' | ||
*√ȝ-nj-n | |||
**''møȝanjen'' 'interesting' (from Hebrew ''meȝanyen'', a folk etymology connects it with ''ȝein'' "eye") | |||
*√ȝ-r | |||
**''myȝėr'' 'waking life, day to day life' | |||
*√ȝ-š-j | *√ȝ-š-j | ||
**''ȝyše'' 'to do, to make' | **''ȝyše'' 'to do, to make' | ||
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*√ȝ-š-r | *√ȝ-š-r | ||
*√ȝ-št-r | *√ȝ-št-r | ||
**'' | **''Ȝyštart'' 'Venus (planet)' | ||
**'' | **''ȝyštirut'' (poetic) 'libido, sexual desire' | ||
**''ȝašter'' (poetic) 'to be lustful' | |||
==F== | ==F== | ||
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**''afle'' 'to amaze' | **''afle'' 'to amaze' | ||
**''miføla'' 'wonderful' | **''miføla'' 'wonderful' | ||
*'' | *''fatny'' 'snake' | ||
== | ==B== | ||
* | *√b-rk-s | ||
**'' | **''barkes'' 'to act' | ||
**'' | **''barkis'' 'action' | ||
**'' | **''tybarkes'' 'to react' | ||
* | *√b-r-r | ||
**'' | **''barer'' 'to influence' | ||
**'' | *√b-c-r, from Old Togarmite | ||
**'' | **''þybcir'' 'impression, imprint' (Henosis Ousias technical term c.f. samskara in yoga) | ||
**'' | *√b-s-f | ||
* | **''bsif'' 'vote' | ||
**'' | **''bsifin'' 'voting' | ||
**'' | **''bsøf'' 'to vote' | ||
**''bėsef'' 'voter' | |||
*√b-w | |||
**''bau'' 'peacock' | |||
**''bawė'' 'to peacock, to show off' | |||
==C== | ==C== | ||
*√c- | *''cøfa'' 'sofa' (from Aramaic via Old Togarmite; the source of English ''sofa'' in-universe) | ||
**'' | *√c-v-ȝ 'finger' | ||
**'' | **''cvaȝ'' 'finger' | ||
*√c- | **''caveȝ'' 'to point at, to find' | ||
**'' | *√c-v-ȝ 'color' | ||
**'' | **''cevȝy'' = color; paint | ||
**'' | **''cvaȝ'' = to color, to paint | ||
**'' | **''mycvaȝ'' = canvas | ||
*√c- | **''cyvȝan'' = colorful | ||
**'' | *√c-ð-g | ||
**'' | **''cyðag'' = right (correct or just) | ||
**'' | **''ycðeg'' = to justify | ||
**''þycaðeg'' = to make right, to set right; to right a wrong | |||
*√c-l-m | *√c-l-m | ||
**''calmy'' = characteristic; quality | **''calmy'' = characteristic; quality, trait | ||
***''calmi'' = characteristic (adj) | |||
****''bolønøm calmi'' = characteristic polynomial | |||
**''myclam'' = personality | |||
**''calem'' = to characterize | |||
*√c-w-y | |||
**''cawė'' = (''archaic'') to command | |||
**''tycawė'' = to determine | |||
**''yctywė'' = to insist | |||
== | ==G== | ||
* | *''garžyt'' (pl. ''garž'') 'carob' | ||
**'' | *√g-ð-s | ||
**'' | **''gðės'' (''archaic'') 'holy' | ||
**'' | **''hagðes'' 'to dedicate' | ||
**'' | **''magðas'' (formal) 'chosen, particular, specific, not arbitrary' | ||
**'' | **''gaðes'' 'to sanctify' | ||
* | **''møgaðas'' 'holy' | ||
*√g(-w-)l | |||
**'' | **''gaul'' 'voice' | ||
**'' | **''tygawel'' 'to resound; to echo' | ||
* | *√g-d-v (<- Arabic qTb) | ||
**'' | **''gødvy'' 'pole' | ||
* | **''agdev'' 'polarize' | ||
**'' | *√g-d-l | ||
* | **''gdøl'' 'to murder' | ||
**'' | *√g-j-ž | ||
**'' | **''geiž'' 'summer' | ||
**'' | *√g-m | ||
* | **''gum'' 'to stand up, to rise' | ||
**'' | **''mygėm'' 'place' | ||
**'' | **''mygėmi'' 'to locate' | ||
**'' | *√g-r-ʔ | ||
***'' | **''gra'' 'to read, to call' | ||
* | **''megra'' 'religious scripture' | ||
**'' | **''tygru'' 'invocation, incantation' | ||
* | ***''tygruji'' 'to invoke, to summon' | ||
**'' | **''tygare'' 'to convene' | ||
*√g-r-y | |||
**''gri'' 'to happen' | |||
*√g-s-m | |||
**''hygsem'' 'to curse' | |||
==R== | ==R== | ||
*''ras'' 'head' | |||
**''ryra'es'' 'introduce' | |||
**'' | **''resit'' 'introduction' | ||
*√r-ʔ-j | *√r-ʔ-j | ||
**''rø'e'' 'to see' | **''rø'e'' 'to see' | ||
*√r- | *√r-v | ||
**'' | **''rav'' 'many' | ||
**'' | **''myrėv'' 'majority' | ||
**'' | ***''myrėvi'' 'to outnumber' | ||
**'' | **√r-v-v | ||
**'' | ***''ravėv'' 'to multiply' | ||
**'' | *√r-w-j | ||
**'' | **''myrwe'' 'too much' | ||
**'' | *''rakyl'' 'ewe' (/x/ retained then randomly changed from Old Togarmite) | ||
*√r-t-m | |||
**''retmy'' 'number' | |||
**''ratem'' 'to count' | |||
**''myrtam'' 'musical meter' | |||
**''myrtem'' 'abacus' | |||
**''styrtem'' 'to enumerate' | |||
**''styrtum'' 'sequence' | |||
**''rytim'' 'rhythm' | |||
**''retmi'' 'to number (assign a number to)' | |||
==S== | ==S== | ||
*''seif'' 'knife, sword, dagger, sabre' | |||
*''sem'' 'name' | *''sem'' 'name' | ||
**√s-m-j | **√s-m-j | ||
***''samė'' 'to name' | ***''samė'' 'to name' | ||
***'' | ***''tysamė'' 'to rename' | ||
*√s-w-j | *√s-w-j | ||
**''swė'' 'same' | **''swė'' 'same' (indeclinable; used in ''yn swė'' 'the same') | ||
**''aswė'' 'to compare' | **''aswė'' (archaic) 'to compare' | ||
*√s- | *** only in ''blėš aswuj'' 'incomparable' | ||
**'' | *√s-k-n | ||
**'' | **''skan'' 'to live (at a certain place)' | ||
**'' | **''myskan'' 'apartment' | ||
**''skėn'' 'scene' | |||
**''saken'' 'to inhabit' | |||
**''etysken'' 'to arise' (phonosemantically matched from Greek σηκώνομαι) | |||
*√s-l-m | *√s-l-m | ||
**''slėm'' 'peace; hello!' | **''slėm'' 'peace; hello!' | ||
***''Slėm | ***''Slėm ȝlėkøm!'' 'hello (more formal)' | ||
**''slem'' 'whole' | **''slem'' 'whole' | ||
**''aslem'' 'to complete' | **''aslem'' 'to complete' | ||
**''stylem'' 'to make peace; to reconcile' | **''stylem'' 'to make peace; to reconcile' | ||
**'' | **''tysalem'' 'to repay' | ||
*√s-m(-m) | *√s-m(-m) | ||
**''sem'' 'name' | **''sem'' 'name' | ||
**''samem'' 'to name' | **''samem'' 'to name' | ||
*'' | *''smein'' 'sky' | ||
**'' | **''smeinit'' 'heaven' (from OTog. ''θarHebθ samaynīθ'' "celestial domain") | ||
*√s-m-ȝ | *√s-m-ȝ | ||
**''smaȝ'' 'to hear' | **''smaȝ'' 'to hear' | ||
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**''seiran'' 'smoke signal' (source of English ''siren'') | **''seiran'' 'smoke signal' (source of English ''siren'') | ||
**''stysir'' 'to announce' | **''stysir'' 'to announce' | ||
==Š== | ==Š== | ||
*√š- | *''šan'' 'herd' | ||
**'' | *√š-v-t | ||
**''švøt'' 'stay' | |||
**''šavot'' 'Saturday' (Hebrew loan) | |||
*√š-v-3 | |||
**''švu3'' 'sad' (same semantic shift as English ''sad'') | |||
**''ašve3'' 'to sadden' | |||
*√š-ð-y | |||
**''šaði'' 'breast', pl. ''šaðein'' | |||
*ּ√š-l-ȝ | *ּ√š-l-ȝ | ||
**''šelȝy'' 'rib' | **''šelȝy'' 'rib' | ||
*√š-m-l | *√š-m-l | ||
**''šmėl'' 'left' | **''šmėl'' 'left' | ||
*√š- | *√š-g-l | ||
**'' | **''šgul'' 'heavy' | ||
*√š-l- | **''šøgly'' 'weight' | ||
**'' | **''šagel'' 'to weigh' | ||
**''šøgli'' 'to weight' | |||
*√š-l-γ | |||
**''šalγy'' 'snow' | |||
*√š-n-j | *√š-n-j | ||
**''šanė'' 'to repeat' | **''šanė'' 'to repeat' | ||
*√š-ȝ-r | |||
**''šeȝart'' 'strand of hair' | |||
**''šėȝer'' 'Khuamnisht poet' (calqued from Anorite) | |||
**''šėȝerit'' '[https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Shayari&redirect=no shighery], Khuamnisht and Anorite poetry' | |||
*''šol'' 'fox' | *''šol'' 'fox' | ||
*''šøm'' 'therefore' | *''šøm'' 'therefore; than' | ||
*''šur'' 'sure' | *''šfarðy'' 'frog' | ||
*''šur'' 'sure' <- ''yšur'' | |||
*√š-t-w | |||
**''šytaw'' 'winter' | |||
**''šatu'' 'to hibernate' | |||
== | ==T== | ||
* | *√t-'-r | ||
**'' | **''tar'' 'face' | ||
* | ***''ly tar'' 'in front of' | ||
**'' | **''tart'' 'form' | ||
*√t-r-m | |||
**'' | **''atrem'' 'explain' | ||
**'' | *√t-l-l | ||
* | **''tlul'' 'steep; difficult' | ||
**'' | *√t-r-n | ||
* | **''trøn'' 'throne' | ||
**'' | **''atren'' 'enthrone' | ||
**'' |
edits