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Maryan Coptic: Difference between revisions
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<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | <!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | ||
<!-- Here are some example subcategories: | <!-- Here are some example subcategories: --> | ||
Most native Maryan Coptic words follow a syllable structure of (C)(C)V(C)(C), while foreign loanwords, mainly of Greek origin, can have a structure of (C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C). Less educated speakers may use a short schwa for ease of pronunciation. | |||
-- | * '''ⲥⲧⲣⲁⲧⲏⲅⲏⲥ''' (general [military]): ''standard'' {{IPA|/stɾateˈkes/}}, compared to {{IPA|/ə̆stɾateˈkes/}} | ||
* '''ⲁⲣⲝ''' (bear): ''standard'' {{IPA|/aɾks/}}, compared to {{IPA|/ˈaɾkə̆s/}} | |||
===Nouns=== | |||
Most nouns have one of two grammatical genders: masculine and feminine. Some nouns, compounded with certain agent particles, can take either gender. All adjectives, most pronouns, and most verb forms indicate the gender of the noun they reference of modify. | |||
Distinguishing the gender of most root nouns is very challenging and requires prior context, but in general, most nouns that end in ''ei'' (ⲉ) or a long vowel are feminine, and most nouns that end in a consonant are masculine; however, there are countless exceptions. Verbal nouns are always masculine. | |||
* Masculine: | |||
** '''ⲥⲟⲛ''' (brother), '''ⲣⲱⲙⲉ''' (human, person), '''ⲱⲓⲕ''' (bread), '''ⳣⲱⲙ''' (food) | |||
* Feminine: | |||
** '''ⲥⲱⲛⲉ''' (sister), '''ϩⲓⲙⲉ''' (woman), '''ⲙⲁⲩ''' (mother), '''ϩⲉⲭⲱ''' (story) | |||
Nominal particles always carry a fixed gender. | |||
* '''ϫⲓⲛ-''' (gerund marker) - masculine | |||
** '''ϫⲓⲛⲙⲓⲥⲉ''' (birth), '''ϫⲓⲛⲕⲁⲧⲉ''' (understanding) | |||
* '''ⲙⲉⲧ-''' (abstract nominalizer) - feminine | |||
** '''ⲙⲉⲧⲣⲱⲙⲉ''' (humanity), '''ⲙⲉⲧⲙⲏϣ''' (republic) | |||
* '''ⲙⲁⲛ-''' (place of) - masculine | |||
** '''ⲙⲁⲛϣⲱ''' (beach, lit. "place of sand"), '''ⲙⲁⲛⲁⲗⲟⲗⲉ''' (vineyard, lit. "place of grapes") | |||
* '''ⲥⲁⲛ-''' (profession marker) - masculine/feminine | |||
** '''ⲥⲁⲛⲑⲱⳣⲉ''' (shoemaker, lit. "shoe seller"), '''ⲥⲁⲛⲧⲉⲃⲧ''' (fisherman, lit "fish seller") | |||
* '''ⲣⲉϥ-''' (grammatical agent) - masculine/feminine | |||
** '''ⲣⲉϥϣⲁⲛϣ''' (nurse, lit. "one who nourishes"), '''ⲣⲉϥⲥⲁϫⲉ''' (speaker, lit. "one who speaks") | |||
===Adjectives=== | |||
===Verbs=== | |||
===Adverbs=== | |||
===Particles=== | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||