Lebanese: Difference between revisions

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The basic root type of the suffixing conjugation is '''qatol''' (other types are less common). Here is an example of a suffixing conjugation of the verb:
The basic root type of the suffixing conjugation is '''qatol''' (other types are less common). Here is an example of a suffixing conjugation of the verb:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |Plural
! rowspan="3" |Form
! colspan="5" |Singular
! colspan="5" |Singular
! colspan="4" |Plural
! colspan="4" |Plural
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The prefixing form of the verb comprises three subforms (usually simply called '''A'''', '''B''' and '''C''', examples of which are ''yipʿol'' for '''A''' and '''B''' and ''yipʿola'' for the '''C''' form, which also has and extended form ''yipʿalan''). These three forms are used on different occasions. The prefixing form A expresses the imperfective aspect and usually marks the present tense. The prefixing form B is used only to mark the past tense and the perfective aspect (similarly to the suffixing form, but it is placed in a sentence-initial position instead). It also can express the subjunctive and optative, but is rarely used for that purpose, usually together with a proclitic particle ''l-'', 𐤋𐤔𐤌𐤀 ''lismaʿ'' "may he hear". The prefixing form C marks cohortative and optative. Its extended form has the same meaning as a simple form and is usually used only with verbs that don't have a distinction between B and C forms.
The prefixing form of the verb comprises three subforms (usually simply called '''A'''', '''B''' and '''C''', examples of which are ''yipʿol'' for '''A''' and '''B''' and ''yipʿola'' for the '''C''' form, which also has and extended form ''yipʿalan''). These three forms are used on different occasions. The prefixing form A expresses the imperfective aspect and usually marks the present tense. The prefixing form B is used only to mark the past tense and the perfective aspect (similarly to the suffixing form, but it is placed in a sentence-initial position instead). It also can express the subjunctive and optative, but is rarely used for that purpose, usually together with a proclitic particle ''l-'', 𐤋𐤔𐤌𐤀 ''lismaʿ'' "may he hear". The prefixing form C marks cohortative and optative. Its extended form has the same meaning as a simple form and is usually used only with verbs that don't have a distinction between B and C forms.
All imperatives are only used in affirmative commands. Negative commands use the particle 𐤀𐤋 ''al'' followed by the corresponding optative form. The passive verbs of ''puʿal'', ''paʿul'' and ''yopʿal'' do not have imperatives and only the optative form can be used and the ''nepʿal'' form is not used anymore, but can still be found in older texts. There are three grades of imperatives: simply called '''Grade I''' (or simple form), '''Grade II''' (the "-a" form) and '''Grade III''' (or extended form). These forms have the same meaning, but the Grade II is more polite and the Grade III is used for emphasis. In Lebanese, just like in English, the word 𐤁𐤀͘𐤓𐤔𐤕 ''ba'arrōsoth'' ("please") is used together with the imperative form.
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" | Form
! colspan="4" |Grade I
! colspan="4" |Grade II
! colspan="4" |Grade III
! rowspan="3" | Meaning
|-
! colspan="2" | Singular
! rowspan="2" | Plural
! colspan="2" | Singular
! rowspan="2" | Plural
! colspan="2" | Singular
! rowspan="2" | Plural
|-
! Masculine || Feminine || Masculine || Feminine || Masculine || Feminine
|-
|'''pa'ol'''
| align="center" | 𐤀𐤌𐤓 omor
| align="center" | 𐤀𐤌𐤓𐤉 omirī
| align="center" | 𐤀𐤌𐤓𐤅 omorū
| align="center" | 𐤀𐤌𐤓𐤀 ōmara
| align="center" | 𐤀𐤌𐤓𐤉 ōmirī
| align="center" | 𐤀𐤌𐤓𐤅 ōmorū
| align="center" | 𐤀𐤌𐤓͘𐤍𐤀 amaranna
| align="center" | 𐤀𐤌𐤓͘𐤍𐤉 amarannī
| align="center" | 𐤀𐤌𐤓͘𐤍𐤅 amarannū
| say!
|-
|'''nep'al'''
| align="center" | 𐤍͘𐤕𐤍 netton
| align="center" | 𐤍͘𐤕𐤍𐤉 nettonī
| align="center" | 𐤍͘𐤕𐤍𐤅 nettonū
| align="center" | 𐤍𐤉𐤕𐤍𐤀 neyithna
| align="center" | 𐤍𐤉𐤕𐤍𐤉 neyithnī
| align="center" | 𐤍𐤉𐤕𐤍𐤅 neyithnū
| align="center" | 𐤍͘𐤕𐤍͘𐤍𐤀 nettananna
| align="center" | 𐤍͘𐤕𐤍͘𐤍𐤉 nettanannī
| align="center" | 𐤍͘𐤕𐤍͘𐤍𐤅 nettanannū
| be given!
|-
|'''pe'il'''
| align="center" | 𐤐𐤏𐤉𐤋 peʿil
| align="center" | 𐤐𐤏𐤉𐤋𐤉 peʿilī
| align="center" | 𐤐𐤏𐤉𐤋𐤅 peʿilū
| align="center" | 𐤐𐤏𐤉𐤋𐤀 pēʿila
| align="center" | 𐤐𐤏𐤉𐤋𐤉 pēʿilī
| align="center" | 𐤐𐤏𐤉𐤋𐤅 pēʿilū
| align="center" | 𐤐𐤏𐤉𐤋͘𐤍𐤀 peʿilanna
| align="center" | 𐤐𐤏𐤉𐤋͘𐤍𐤉 peʿilannī
| align="center" | 𐤐𐤏𐤉𐤋͘𐤍𐤅 peʿilannū
| be effective!
|-
|'''pi'ēl'''
| align="center" | 𐤄𐤊͘𐤓 hikkēr
| align="center" | 𐤄𐤊͘𐤓𐤉 hikkerī
| align="center" | 𐤄𐤊͘𐤓𐤅 hikkerū
| align="center" | 𐤄𐤊͘𐤉𐤓𐤀 hīkkira
| align="center" | 𐤄𐤊͘𐤉𐤓𐤉 hīkkirī
| align="center" | 𐤄𐤊͘𐤉𐤓𐤅 hīkkirū
| align="center" | 𐤄𐤊͘𐤓͘𐤍𐤀 hikkēranna
| align="center" | 𐤄𐤊͘𐤓͘𐤍𐤉 hikkērannī
| align="center" | 𐤄𐤊͘𐤓͘𐤍𐤅 hikkērannū
| remember!
|-
|'''yip'īl'''
| align="center" | 𐤉͘𐤐𐤉𐤒 yippīq
| align="center" | 𐤉͘𐤐𐤉𐤒𐤉 yippīqī
| align="center" | 𐤉͘𐤐𐤉𐤒𐤅 yippīqū
| align="center" | 𐤉͘𐤐𐤉𐤒𐤀 yīppiqa
| align="center" | 𐤉͘𐤐𐤉𐤒𐤉 yīppiqī
| align="center" | 𐤉͘𐤐𐤉𐤒𐤅 yīppiqū
| align="center" | 𐤉͘𐤐𐤉𐤒͘𐤍𐤀 yippīqanna
| align="center" | 𐤉͘𐤐𐤉𐤒͘𐤍𐤉 yippīqannī
| align="center" | 𐤉͘𐤐𐤉𐤒͘𐤍𐤅 yippīqannū
| find!
|-
|'''yithpe'ēl'''
| align="center" | 𐤉𐤕͘𐤊𐤃 yithekkēd
| align="center" | 𐤉𐤕͘𐤊𐤃𐤉 yithekkēdī
| align="center" | 𐤉𐤕͘𐤊𐤃𐤅 yithekkēdū
| align="center" | 𐤉𐤕͘𐤊𐤉𐤃𐤀 yittekkida
| align="center" | 𐤉𐤕͘𐤊𐤉𐤃𐤉 yittekkidī
| align="center" | 𐤉𐤕͘𐤊𐤉𐤃𐤅 yittekkidū
| align="center" | 𐤉𐤕͘𐤊𐤃͘𐤍𐤀 yithekkēdanna
| align="center" | 𐤉𐤕͘𐤊𐤃͘𐤍𐤉 yithekkēdannī
| align="center" | 𐤉𐤕͘𐤊𐤃͘𐤍𐤅 yithekkēdannū
| resolve itself!
|-
|}


===Numerals===
===Numerals===
2,334

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