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Proto-Dynic: Difference between revisions
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→Reduplication
(→Nouns) |
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* ''*ə̄c-si'' ('large, big') → ''*əʔə̄c-si'' ('huge, enormous') | * ''*ə̄c-si'' ('large, big') → ''*əʔə̄c-si'' ('huge, enormous') | ||
Occasionally a reduplicated term may carry both of these meanings. For example, ''*kekel'' may have the plural meaning 'islands,' or the collective 'land, all the islands, great island, continent.' | Occasionally a reduplicated term may carry both of these meanings. For example, ''*kekel'' may have the plural meaning 'islands,' or the collective 'land, all the islands, great island, continent.' | ||
Reduplication plays an important role in verb conjugation. Verbal reduplication generally carries aspectual information, however the precise meaning can differ based on characteristics of the verb itself. Roots are primarily categorised into three aspectual groups; ''stative'', ''telic'', and ''atelic''. Verbs are secondarily categorised on what aspect their reduplicated stem takes. The combination of primary and secondary aspects is grouped as a verb's class. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | ''aspect'' | |||
! rowspan="2" | ''class'' | |||
! rowspan="2" | ''example'' | |||
|- | |||
! ''primary'' | |||
! ''secondary'' | |||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |||
| rowspan="2" | stative | |||
| telic | |||
| ''class I'' | |||
| style="text-align:left;" | | |||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |||
| atelic | |||
| ''class II'' | |||
| style="text-align:left;" | '''''*kel it-misu''''' ('I see land') → '''''*kel it-mimisu''''' ('I'm looking at land') | |||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |||
| rowspan="2" | telic | |||
| stative | |||
| ''class III'' | |||
| style="text-align:left;" | '''''*arkʷ it-ren''''' ('I take a boat') → '''''* arkʷ it-reren''''' ('I have a boat') | |||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |||
| atelic | |||
| ''class IV'' | |||
| style="text-align:left;" | '''''*kur-cin ti-basu''''' ('the chief strikes me') → '''''*kur-cin ti-babasu''''' ('the chief keeps striking me') | |||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |||
| rowspan="2" | atelic | |||
| stative | |||
| ''class V'' | |||
| style="text-align:left;" | | |||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |||
| telic | |||
| ''class VI'' | |||
| style="text-align:left;" | | |||
|} | |||
'''Stative verbs''' describe an ongoing state or characteristic of the subject, '''atelic verbs''' describe actions that have no natural end, and '''telic verbs''' describe action that does have a natural or logical endpoint. | |||
== Development == | == Development == | ||