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Proto-Dynic: Difference between revisions
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| style="text-align:center;" | ''*ra-'' | | style="text-align:center;" | ''*ra-'' | ||
| Forms intransitive verbs from stems related to motion, or creates stative verbs of position. | | Forms intransitive verbs from stems related to motion, or creates stative verbs of position. | ||
| ''* | | ''*rat-tes'' 'I come down' | ||
| style="text-align:center;" | ''*e-'' | | style="text-align:center;" | ''*e-'' | ||
| Forms transitive verbs from stems related to motion, or creates transitive verbs from root unaccusative verbs of manipulation or change of state. | | Forms transitive verbs from stems related to motion, or creates transitive verbs from root unaccusative verbs of manipulation or change of state. | ||
| ''* | | ''*iet-tes'' 'I lower it' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;" | ''*re-'' | | style="text-align:center;" | ''*re-'' | ||
| Forms unaccusative verbs from stems related to manipulation. | | Forms unaccusative verbs from stems related to manipulation. | ||
| ''* | | ''*re-ren'' 'it comes off', ''*re-dək'' 'it closes' | ||
| style="text-align:center;" | ''*c-'' | | style="text-align:center;" | ''*c-'' | ||
| Forms transitive verbs from stems related to manipulation, or change of state. | | Forms transitive verbs from stems related to manipulation, or change of state. | ||
| ''* | | ''*ict-dək'' 'I close it' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;" | ''*ri-'' | | style="text-align:center;" | ''*ri-'' | ||
| Forms intransitive verbs denoting a static state from stems related to state. | | Forms intransitive verbs denoting a static state from stems related to state. | ||
| ''* | | ''*ri-taidə'' 'it suffices' | ||
| style="text-align:center;" | ''*ca-'' | | style="text-align:center;" | ''*ca-'' | ||
| Forms transitive verbs from stems denoting a state of change, especially a physical impact, or causative verbs from stems relating to speech or sound. | | Forms transitive verbs from stems denoting a state of change, especially a physical impact, or causative verbs from stems relating to speech or sound. | ||
| ''* | | ''*icat-sakidə'' 'I scorched it,' ''*icat-tasu'' 'I add it' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;" | ''*e-'' | | style="text-align:center;" | ''*e-'' | ||
| Forms unaccusative verbs from stems denoting a state of change, especially a physical impact. | | Forms unaccusative verbs from stems denoting a state of change, especially a physical impact. | ||
| ''* | | ''*e-kusidə'' 'it is cut', ''*e-sakidə'' 'it got scorched' | ||
| style="text-align:center;" | ''*cə-'' | | style="text-align:center;" | ''*cə-'' | ||
| Forms causative transitive verbs from stems denoting labour or a physical or mental change of state. | | Forms causative transitive verbs from stems denoting labour or a physical or mental change of state. | ||
| ''* | | ''*ticən-əskidə'' 'You woke me up' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;" | ''*i-'' | | style="text-align:center;" | ''*i-'' | ||
| Forms intransitive verbs from stems denoting labour or a physical or mental change of state. | | Forms intransitive verbs from stems denoting labour or a physical or mental change of state. | ||
| ''* | | ''*it-əskidə'' 'I wake up' | ||
| style="text-align:center;" | ''*ce-'' | | style="text-align:center;" | ''*ce-'' | ||
| Forms causative transitive verbs from stems denoting physical location or position. | | Forms causative transitive verbs from stems denoting physical location or position. | ||
| ''* | | ''*icet-nər'' 'I put them on the boat' | ||
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| style="text-align:center;" | ''*ma-'' | | style="text-align:center;" | ''*ma-'' | ||
| When attached to an adjectival stem, it creates an intransitive verb meaning 'to become (''adjective'').' These take regular verbal marking, rather than stative verb (adjectival) marking. | | When attached to an adjectival stem, it creates an intransitive verb meaning 'to become (''adjective'').' These take regular verbal marking, rather than stative verb (adjectival) marking. | ||
| ''*hur-si'' ('it is high') → ''* | | ''*hur-si'' ('it is high') → ''*ma-hur'' ('it becomes high') | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;" | ''*me-'' | | style="text-align:center;" | ''*me-'' | ||
| When attached to an adjectival stem, it creates a transitive verb meaning 'to make (''adjective'').' These take regular verbal marking, rather than stative verb (adjectival) marking. | | When attached to an adjectival stem, it creates a transitive verb meaning 'to make (''adjective'').' These take regular verbal marking, rather than stative verb (adjectival) marking. | ||
| ''*hur-si'' ('it is high') → ''* | | ''*hur-si'' ('it is high') → ''*time-hur'' ('I make it high; I heighten it') | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;" | ''*pəl-'' | | style="text-align:center;" | ''*pəl-'' | ||
| Attaches to noun stems, creating stative verbs meaning 'like a (noun).' These take stative verb (adjectival) marking. | | Attaches to noun stems, creating stative verbs meaning 'like a (noun).' These take stative verb (adjectival) marking. | ||
| ''*sauk'' ('a hawk') → ''* | | ''*sauk'' ('a hawk') → ''*pəl-sauk-si'' ('it is like a hawk.') | ||
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