Proto-Dynic: Difference between revisions

Proto-Dynic (view source)

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 The marked conclusive form may be dropped and the bare stem used to signify a conclusive meaning before a pausa.
-==== Auxiliary verbs ====
-;'''''*dəsu'''''
-:(''perfective aspect • emphatic'') Attaches to the infinitive form of a verb.  Generally used for voluntarily concluded action or states.
-;'''''*dəiarusu'''''
-:(''perfective aspect • continuing importance'') Attaches to the infinitive form of a verb.  Formed of ''*dəsu'' + the copula ''*arusu''.
-;'''''*nusu'''''
-:(''negative'') Attaches to the irrealis form of a verb.  Irregular stem; ''*n-'' in the irrealis, infinitive, conclusive, and imperative  and ''*s-'' adnominal and realis.
-:(''perfective aspect • emphatic'') Attaches to the infinitive form of a verb.  Generally used to express natural states or actions.
-;'''''*kusu'''''
-:(''past tense'') Attaches to the infinitive form of a verb.  Irregular stem; ''*k-'' in the irrealis, infinitive, conclusive, and imperative  and ''*ŋ-'' adnominal and realis; e.g. ''*daŋʷáikusu'' ('they sang') vs. ''*daŋʷáiŋu'' ('the one(s) that sang').
-;'''''*kiarusu'''''
-:(''reported past • hearsay • narrative tense'') Attaches to the infinitive form of a verb.  Formed of ''*kusu'' + the copula ''*arusu''.
-;'''''*ta-si'''''
-:(''volition • desiderative mood'') Attaches to the infinitive form of a verb.
 === Reduplication ===