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Proto-Dynic: Difference between revisions
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→Auxiliary verbs
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| Potential mood | | Potential mood | ||
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The reciprocal and causative extensions may be used in tandem to create a repetitive aspect, e.g. ''*ara'' ('to search for') → ''*araikagicu'' ('to investigate') | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;" | {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;" | ||
|+caption | Aspectual auxiliary verbs | |+caption | Aspectual auxiliary verbs | ||
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| Perfective aspect • Continuation | | Perfective aspect • Continuation | ||
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===== Perfective aspect ===== | |||
The auxiliary verbs '''''*də-''''' and '''''*n-''''' both convey the [[w:Perfective aspect|perfective aspect]], that is 'I did,' 'I have done,' 'I had done.' However, they each have their own unique uses. '''''*də-''''' is used primarily with with intransitive verbs, with the nuance that the action or state that has concluded was volitional. | |||
:{{interlinear | box=yes | top=''*igīn ətə tatāl kiraguridə'' | |||
| igi-in<nowiki>=</nowiki>ətə ta-tāl ki-<ra>-Ø-gur<nowiki>=</nowiki>i-də | |||
| DIST-LOC<nowiki>=</nowiki>place PL-day 4-<spend>-3-spend<nowiki>=</nowiki>INF-PFV | |||
| 'they spent their days there'}} | |||
In contrast to this, '''''*n-''''' is generally used with intransitive verbs, inferring the expression of a natural action, state, or process. | |||
:{{interlinear | box=yes | top=''*kehmi aŋinusu akaba yabaīn kakadəin'' | |||
| kehmi aŋ<nowiki>=</nowiki>i-n<nowiki>=</nowiki>usu akaba yabai-in ka-kadə<nowiki>=</nowiki>i-n | |||
| fall open<nowiki>=</nowiki>INF-PFV<nowiki>=</nowiki>CONCL red_leaf yard-LOC EMP-fall<nowiki>=</nowiki>INF-PFV | |||
| 'fall has come and many red leaves have fallen in the yard'}} | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;" | {| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;" | ||
|+caption | Auxiliary verbs | |+caption | Auxiliary verbs | ||