Thrichian: Difference between revisions

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{| class="wikitable"
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! CONSONANTS !! broad !! slender !! word-final
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| Bb || /b/ || /pɣ/ || -
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| Cc || /k/ || /ts/ || /k/
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| Čč || /tʃ/ || /tʃ/ || /tʃ/
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| Dd || /d/ || /tɣ/ || /d/
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| Ff || /f/ || /f/ || -
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| Gg || /g/ || /kɣ/ || /g,k/
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| Hh || /h/ || /h/ || -
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| Kk || /k/ || /k/ || /k/
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| Ll || /l/ || /ʎ/ || /l/
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| Mm || /m/ || /m/ || /m/
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| Nn || /n/ || /ɲ/ || /n/
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| Ŋŋ || /ŋ/ || /ŋ/ || /ŋ/ 
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| Pp || /p/ || /p/ || /p/
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| Rr || /ʀ/ || /ʀ/ || /ʀ/
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| Ss || /s/ || /ʃ/ || /s,z,ʃ,ʒ/a.
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| Tt || /t/ || /ts/ || /t/
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| Vv || /β/ or /w/ || /v,f/ || /v,f/
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| Zz || /z/ || /ʒ/ || /z,ʃ,ʒ/
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a. the second of the word-final pronunciation is for when the following word begins with a voiceless consonant.
b. /s/ before broad vowel /z/ before slender vowel /ʃ/ before voiceless consonant /ʒ/ before voiced consonant.
c. the consonants l and n only take on their slender forms when it is indicated with a switch vowel. Thus, the verb ni is phonetically /ni/ while alinneani is /aˈliɲːanɪ/.
d. /v/ is pronounced /f/ when before voiceless consonants in clusters such as vč /ftʃ/ it is pronounced with rounded lips in these scenarios when it appears after /u/ as in luvthu /ˈlufwθʊ/
1. The fricative /h/ is labialized as /hʷ/ when adjacent to the vowel /u/ such as in seúhkki /ʃuːhʷkːɪ/. It is palatalized /hj/ when adjacent to the vowel /i/ such as in nihtna /nihjtna/.
2. The allophones /w/ and /β/ usually appear depending on speaker. Some speakers will say /win/ for mhain, while some will say /βin/. However, in cases where it follows /u/ it will always be /w/ such as in lámhėn /lauːn/ (also realized as /laːw(ɜ)n/).
3. Voiced plosives in Thrichian are often semi-voiced or voiceless, while their ‘voiceless’ equivalents are often aspirated. Thus, bes (mast) and pes (five) are realized as /pɛʃ/ or /b̥ɛʃ/ and /phɛʃ/.
4. /kɣ tɣ pɣ/ are realized with brief velarization of the release. This is done by drawing the bridge of the tongue towards the back palate. This is not done in unstressed syllables.
5. nasal consonants /n, m, ŋ/ cause the vowel /ɪ/ to be raised /i/ as in dálin /daːlin/.
6. Geminate consonants are only distinct intervocalically. Word-finally, though they are represented orthographically, they do not register, making tavvė and tavė homophones /tav/
Notice that throughout this grammar the pronunciations for b, d, g appear as /b d k/ broad and /pɣ tɣ kɣ/ slender. However, this may be realized as /p t k/ OR /b̥ d̥ g̥/ unaspirated broad and /pɣ tɣ kɣ/ velarized slender, while p, t, k spellings have aspirated voiceless plosives /ph th kh/. This aspiration is most prominent in Hiannása, the Northern Dialect. In the South, most speakers voice b, d, g and do not aspirate p, t, k. For this reason, the grammar sometimes displays Northern pronunciations and sometimes South. There is no standard and variations differ only slightly between /b > b̥ > p > ph/. The two in the middle are used interchangeably. The chart below helps illustrate the uses and pronunciations of each.
{| class="wikitable"
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! !! Bilabial !! !! Alveolar !! !! velar !!
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|graded || β || iriguban || ð || míreada || ɣ || balagí
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|voiced || b || buor || d || dú || g || guohcea
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|half-voiced || b̥ || bisavdu d̥ || dalgi || g̥ || gahíru
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|velarized || pɣ || bírea tɣ || díu || kɣ || gími
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|voiceless  || p || puonen t || tazga || k || coahppa
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|aspirated  || ph || páhtta th || tárėhpi || kh || kien
|}
|}

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