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Thrichian: Difference between revisions
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{| class="wikitable" | |||
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! CONSONANTS !! broad !! slender !! word-final | |||
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| Bb || /b/ || /pɣ/ || - | |||
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| Cc || /k/ || /ts/ || /k/ | |||
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| Čč || /tʃ/ || /tʃ/ || /tʃ/ | |||
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| Dd || /d/ || /tɣ/ || /d/ | |||
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| Ff || /f/ || /f/ || - | |||
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| Gg || /g/ || /kɣ/ || /g,k/ | |||
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| Hh || /h/ || /h/ || - | |||
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| Kk || /k/ || /k/ || /k/ | |||
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| Ll || /l/ || /ʎ/ || /l/ | |||
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| Mm || /m/ || /m/ || /m/ | |||
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| Nn || /n/ || /ɲ/ || /n/ | |||
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| Ŋŋ || /ŋ/ || /ŋ/ || /ŋ/ | |||
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| Pp || /p/ || /p/ || /p/ | |||
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| Rr || /ʀ/ || /ʀ/ || /ʀ/ | |||
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| Ss || /s/ || /ʃ/ || /s,z,ʃ,ʒ/a. | |||
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| Tt || /t/ || /ts/ || /t/ | |||
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| Vv || /β/ or /w/ || /v,f/ || /v,f/ | |||
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| Zz || /z/ || /ʒ/ || /z,ʃ,ʒ/ | |||
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a. the second of the word-final pronunciation is for when the following word begins with a voiceless consonant. | |||
b. /s/ before broad vowel /z/ before slender vowel /ʃ/ before voiceless consonant /ʒ/ before voiced consonant. | |||
c. the consonants l and n only take on their slender forms when it is indicated with a switch vowel. Thus, the verb ni is phonetically /ni/ while alinneani is /aˈliɲːanɪ/. | |||
d. /v/ is pronounced /f/ when before voiceless consonants in clusters such as vč /ftʃ/ it is pronounced with rounded lips in these scenarios when it appears after /u/ as in luvthu /ˈlufwθʊ/ | |||
1. The fricative /h/ is labialized as /hʷ/ when adjacent to the vowel /u/ such as in seúhkki /ʃuːhʷkːɪ/. It is palatalized /hj/ when adjacent to the vowel /i/ such as in nihtna /nihjtna/. | |||
2. The allophones /w/ and /β/ usually appear depending on speaker. Some speakers will say /win/ for mhain, while some will say /βin/. However, in cases where it follows /u/ it will always be /w/ such as in lámhėn /lauːn/ (also realized as /laːw(ɜ)n/). | |||
3. Voiced plosives in Thrichian are often semi-voiced or voiceless, while their ‘voiceless’ equivalents are often aspirated. Thus, bes (mast) and pes (five) are realized as /pɛʃ/ or /b̥ɛʃ/ and /phɛʃ/. | |||
4. /kɣ tɣ pɣ/ are realized with brief velarization of the release. This is done by drawing the bridge of the tongue towards the back palate. This is not done in unstressed syllables. | |||
5. nasal consonants /n, m, ŋ/ cause the vowel /ɪ/ to be raised /i/ as in dálin /daːlin/. | |||
6. Geminate consonants are only distinct intervocalically. Word-finally, though they are represented orthographically, they do not register, making tavvė and tavė homophones /tav/ | |||
Notice that throughout this grammar the pronunciations for b, d, g appear as /b d k/ broad and /pɣ tɣ kɣ/ slender. However, this may be realized as /p t k/ OR /b̥ d̥ g̥/ unaspirated broad and /pɣ tɣ kɣ/ velarized slender, while p, t, k spellings have aspirated voiceless plosives /ph th kh/. This aspiration is most prominent in Hiannása, the Northern Dialect. In the South, most speakers voice b, d, g and do not aspirate p, t, k. For this reason, the grammar sometimes displays Northern pronunciations and sometimes South. There is no standard and variations differ only slightly between /b > b̥ > p > ph/. The two in the middle are used interchangeably. The chart below helps illustrate the uses and pronunciations of each. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
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! !! Bilabial !! !! Alveolar !! !! velar !! | |||
|- | |||
|graded || β || iriguban || ð || míreada || ɣ || balagí | |||
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|voiced || b || buor || d || dú || g || guohcea | |||
|- | |||
|half-voiced || b̥ || bisavdu d̥ || dalgi || g̥ || gahíru | |||
|- | |||
|velarized || pɣ || bírea tɣ || díu || kɣ || gími | |||
|- | |||
|voiceless || p || puonen t || tazga || k || coahppa | |||
|- | |||
|aspirated || ph || páhtta th || tárėhpi || kh || kien | |||
|} | |} | ||