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Thrichian: Difference between revisions
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== | == MORPHOLOGY == | ||
Thrichian is classified as agglutinative, though it exhibits some elements of synthetic tendency. Verbs and adjectives are highly inflected, while nouns are less so. A large percentage of grammatical information is conveyed via suffixing instead of particles or auxiliary verbs. | |||
'''DERIVATIONAL MORPHOLOGY''' | |||
The method which Thrichian employs for creating new words is agglutination. Compounds can be made of up to three components and often two words can be strung together to create a new compound whose meaning does not agree with that of its components, such as '''ëŋėpála''', whose components are '''ëŋ''' (tongue) and '''pála''' (water) but which means backlash or backtalk. | |||
Evident from the former example is that the schwa vowel ė is used to ligate (join together) two consonants in a compound. It is pronounced if more than two phonemes are next to one another, otherwise it is silent, as usual. | |||
Compounds in Thrichian can be separated as noun phrases, verb phrases, etc... For example '''uvvėrávittá finagí''' (electromagnetic sensitivity) is a compound perceived as a noun phrase token, but composed of two words. The first word uvvėrávid is in the allative case and the second is in the default nominative. This is because the phrase is equivalent to saying sensitivity to electromagnetism. If one is to separate components to create a sensical phrase in Thrichian, one must grammatically relate them to each other in this way. The components can then appear in either order and still be intelligible. | |||
Thrichian is suffix-heavy in grammatical processes, however in derivation, both prefixing and suffixing is common. Thrichian affixation has a tendency to denote prepositional or adverbial senses before the headword, much like in English. For example, the compound birdhouse, in English, can be expressed as a phrase: house of/for birds. To say housebird would imply bird in/of a house. The first of the two compounds is the descriptor and the second contains the main sense of the noun. | |||
Thrichian employs prefixes, affixes and a couple circumfixes to convey meaning. Listed here are the derivational affixes commonly used for building words in Thrichian. | |||
{| | |||
|- | |||
! affix !! Description !! example | |||
|- | |||
| -agí || complex noun former || abuolagí | |||
|- | |||
| -sián || -less || fuosián | |||
|- | |||
| -in, -un || adjective former || gearthin | |||
|- | |||
| -stán || -ous, -ic adjective former || ibuhtustán | |||
|- | |||
| -innė || -er, -or agent noun marker || icainnė | |||
|- | |||
| -uon || noun former || antaruon | |||
|- | |||
| -ani || verb former || arasčani | |||
|- | |||
| an- || with, to, for || antíegai | |||
|- | |||
| eá- || of, to / not || eánnaragain | |||
|- | |||
| i(c)- || non- not, un || icastan | |||
|- | |||
| -ar || systemic noun former || erávar | |||
|- | |||
| -astun || -able || gúrastun | |||
|- | |||
| -ami || to cause || hkigami | |||
|- | |||
| gae- || self || gaedomun | |||
|- | |||
| -inu || amount, level || pálinu | |||
|- | |||
| -dannu || one who/which is (adj.) || páhindannu | |||
|- | |||
| sa-ligu || place, institution || sagáligu | |||
|- | |||
| bi-lleagu || device, tool, vessel || bimálleagu | |||
|- | |||
| -veain || feeling or aura || húmveain | |||
|- | |||
| -ban || physical characteristic || aluban | |||
|} | |||
Certain affixes are applicable to any word of a certain category. Thus, they are not considered derivational affixes, but grammatical affixes which convey highly specific information like the suffix -gulin which conveys something in the shape of… such as in the word haedulin – tree-shaped. Though some words ending in -gulin do not appear in the dictionary, they can still be words in their own right. For instance, even proper names like Hitás – Hitásulin which means in the shape of Hitás. | |||
Other such suffixes are… | |||
-uvvŋin (with the colour of) | |||
'''híluvvŋin''' – the colour of lavender | |||
-veaig (conveying the emotion/atmosphere of) | |||
'''eóvinveaig''' – calming atmosphere | |||
-uonnun (seeming like) | |||
'''cuorgainuonnun''' – rich-looking | |||
-tigain (somewhat, ish) | |||
'''itámhaintigain''' – somewhat bored | |||
i-ani (to cause to not do something) | |||
'''icasthani''' – to suffocate (cause not to breathe) | |||
i-ami (to cause to undo/redo something) | |||
'''itulami''' – to cause to separate, unlink | |||