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Kämpya: Difference between revisions
Started section on infinitives
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'''Class 2''' | '''Class 2''' | ||
This is used for nouns in postpositional phrases, inalienable possessors, nouns used attributively, restrictive adjectives (modifying a noun), and verbs | This is used for nouns in postpositional phrases, inalienable possessors, nouns used attributively, restrictive adjectives (modifying a noun), and infinitive verbs. | ||
'''Class 3''' | '''Class 3''' | ||
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War fought over land that rises from the sea due to isostatic rebound (a very common occurrence) | War fought over land that rises from the sea due to isostatic rebound (a very common occurrence) | ||
==Verb Phrases== | |||
===Infinitives=== | |||
These are placed in Tone Class 2. Unlike English, they precede the finite verb e.g. from the sentence: | |||
/ˈḛ̂nèmì kúʔn/ | |||
enemy depart | |||
The enemy is departing. | |||
We can add verbs such as /pʰḭ̂nì/ - "to finish", or /ˈwóʔnà/ - "to want",to say things like: | |||
/ˈḛ̂nèmì kùʔn ˈpʰḭ̂nì/ | |||
enemy depart.INF finish | |||
The enemy has finished departing. | |||
However, if the finite verb is normally transitive (e.g. /ˈwóʔnà/ - "want to"), when it attaches to an infinitive being used intransitively, the whole construction takes the antipassive clitic /θú/ before it: | |||
/ˈḛ̂nèmì θú=kùʔn ˈwóʔnà/ | |||
enemy ANTIP=depart.INF want | |||
The enemy wants to depart. | |||
However, if a finite verb such as /ˈwóʔnà/ attaches to to an infinitive being used intransitively, then it does not need to take the antipassive e.g. | |||
/kʰwèi̤=zù kàiʔk ˈwóʔnà ˈḛ̂nèmì/ | |||
dog=ERG bite.INF want enemy | |||
A dog wants to bite the enemy. | |||
Like with normal verbs, object pronouns also change the transitivity of the sentence e.g. | |||
/kʰwèi̤ ŋí=kàiʔk ˈwóʔnà/ | |||
dog 2PS.ACC=bite.INF want | |||
A dog wants to bite you. | |||
Notice how the tones of /kúʔn/ - "to depart" and /káiʔk/ - "to bite" have changed to /kùʔn/, and /kàiʔk/. This is since when they become infinitive they takes Tone Class 2. A similar thing can happen with /pʰḭ̂nì/ - "to finish" e.g. | |||
/ˈḛ̂nèmì kùʔn ˈpʰḭ̰̀ní ˈwóʔnà/ | |||
enemy depart.INF finish.INF want | |||
The enemy wants to finish departing. | |||