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Lifashian: Difference between revisions
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In the spoken language and in informal writing, when used as auxiliary for the perfect, the present singular forms of the copula are ''syim, syi, e''. | In the spoken language and in informal writing, when used as auxiliary for the perfect, the present singular forms of the copula are ''syim, syi, e''. | ||
Certain verbs may have irregular or multiple participles, most notably ''frálmi, farhálm'' (I become, became, also used as passive auxiliary), which has the historically contracted participle ''frálit'' as an auxiliary, and uncontracted ''farhelit'' as a standalone verb. | Certain verbs may have irregular or multiple participles, most notably ''frálmi, farhálm'' (I become, became, also used as passive auxiliary), which has the historically contracted participle ''frálit'' as an auxiliary, and uncontracted ''farhelit'' as a standalone verb. | ||
====Compound verbs==== | |||
A large part of contemporary Lifashian verbs is made up of compound verbs, not unlike Iranian languages, formed by a lexical element (often, but not always, borrowed) and a conjugable verb which provides little to no meaning; Lifashian also has nominal compound verbs, which are actually fixed collocations as the nominal is regularly declined in the accusative; however, such nouns are never used with articles in these fixed collocations, which often look like sentences with two objects. | |||
The most common verbs used to form compounds are ''purémi'' "I do", ''lelúmi'' "I give", ''eynemámi'' "I take", and ''berámi'' "I bring". Other verbs include ''sisyejámi'' "I hold", ''esyim'' (the copula), or ''benámi'' "I go". | |||
The lexical element is often an invariable adverbial element which may correspond to the stem of an adjective (either a native adjective - cf. ''ulmarstás'' "forgotten" and ''ulmarst purémi'' "I forget" - or a borrowed one - cf. ''tamízás'' "clean" and ''tamíz purémi'' "I clean") or a borrowed stem (from nouns, participles, or verb stems), such as in ''emansip purémi'' "I emancipate" (ultimately from French, through Russian), ''ámóht berámi'' "I teach" (from Persian), or ''espéti lelúmi'' "I wait" (from Ligurian). | |||
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