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Balog: Difference between revisions
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! rowspan="2" | Fricative | ! rowspan="2" | Fricative | ||
! voiced | ! voiced | ||
| colspan="2" | /v/ <sup> | | colspan="2" | /v/ <sup>8</sup><br>‹'''v'''› || /z/<br>‹'''z'''› || /ʒ/<br>‹'''ž''' / '''zh'''› || | ||
| colspan="2" | /ɣ/ <sup> | | colspan="2" | /ɣ/ <sup>9</sup><br>‹'''ğ''' / '''gh'''› || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! voiceless | ! voiceless | ||
| colspan="2" | /f/ <sup> | | colspan="2" | /f/ <sup>8</sup><br>‹'''f'''› || /s/<br>‹'''s'''› || /ʃ/<br>‹'''š''' / '''sh'''› || | ||
| colspan="2" | /x/ <sup> | | colspan="2" | /x/ <sup>9</sup><br>‹'''x'''› || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Trill / Flap | ! Trill / Flap | ||
! voiced | ! voiced | ||
| || || /r/ <sup> | | || || /r/ <sup>10</sup><br>‹'''r'''› || || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Lateral !! voiced | ! Lateral !! voiced | ||
| || || /l/ <sup>3</sup><sup> | | || || /l/ <sup>3,</sup><sup>11</sup><br>‹'''l'''› || || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Semivowel !! voiced | ! Semivowel !! voiced | ||
| || || || || /j/<br>‹'''y'''› || /w/ <sup> | | || || || || /j/<br>‹'''y'''› || /w/ <sup>12</sup><br>‹'''w'''› || || | ||
|} | |} | ||
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# The majority of Balog pronounce the fricatives /v/ and /f/ dentolabially: [v͆] and [f͆]. Due to anatomical differences, the majority of non-Balog pronounce these labiodentally as [v] and [f]. Speakers of certain regions, both Balog and non-Balog, may pronounce them bilabially as [β] and [ɸ]. | # The majority of Balog pronounce the fricatives /v/ and /f/ dentolabially: [v͆] and [f͆]. Due to anatomical differences, the majority of non-Balog pronounce these labiodentally as [v] and [f]. Speakers of certain regions, both Balog and non-Balog, may pronounce them bilabially as [β] and [ɸ]. | ||
# The fricatives /ɣ/ and /x/ may be pronounced either at the velum as [ɣ] and [x], or at the uvula as [ʁ] and [χ]. Speakers with uvular pronunciations of /ɣ/ may frequently pronounce it as a trill [ʀ]. | # The fricatives /ɣ/ and /x/ may be pronounced either at the velum as [ɣ] and [x], or at the uvula as [ʁ] and [χ]. Speakers with uvular pronunciations of /ɣ/ may frequently pronounce it as a trill [ʀ]. | ||
# The consonant /r/ is generally pronounced as a tap or flap [ɾ] with trilled pronunciations generally restricted to emphatic speech | # The consonant /r/ is generally pronounced as a tap or flap [ɾ] with trilled pronunciations generally restricted to emphatic speech. When geminate, the pronunciation is always as a trill. | ||
# The lateral /l/ may be, as discussed in point 3., either be dental or alveolar, however there is always a strong velar or pharyngeal coarticulation: [ɫ~ɫ̪] | |||
# The semivowel /w/ is generally pronounced unrounded by Balog speakers due to anatomical differences. It is, however, pronounced with lip compression that results in a similar auditory effect: [w͍]. Non-Balog who speak it as an L2 may pronounce it with rounding: [w]. | |||
===Vowels=== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Header text !! Front !! Back | |||
|- | |||
! High | |||
| /i/ [ɪ] ‹'''i'''› || /u/ [ʊ͍] ‹'''u'''› | |||
|- | |||
! Mid | |||
| /e/ [ɛ] ‹'''e'''› || /o/ [ɔ͍] ‹'''o'''› | |||
|- | |||
! Low | |||
| /æ/ [æ] ‹'''ä'''› || /a/ [ɐ] ‹'''a'''› | |||
|} | |||
===Phonotactics=== | |||
==Morphophonology== | |||
===Gemination=== | |||
==Morphology== | |||
===Bases=== | |||
===Pre-Base Particles=== | |||
===Subject Markers=== | |||
====Status==== | |||
==Syntax== | |||
===Single-Clause Sentences=== | |||
===Multi-Clause Sentences=== | |||
===Complementiser=== | |||