886
edits
Aarlaansc: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
→Indefinites
m (→Possessives) |
|||
| Line 752: | Line 752: | ||
Some pronominal forms have got both a singular and a plural voice, but adjective forms have got ONLY one voice, that is both singular and plural. Except for ''nuin'' / ''ries'' and ''oukuin'' / ''oukries'', indefinites don't have a gender distinction. | Some pronominal forms have got both a singular and a plural voice, but adjective forms have got ONLY one voice, that is both singular and plural. Except for ''nuin'' / ''ries'' and ''oukuin'' / ''oukries'', indefinites don't have a gender distinction. | ||
==Verbs== | |||
===Simple present=== | |||
The present tense, or '''prezent'' in Aarlaansk, expresses an action that happens regularly, that is habitual or that happens around the moment of the speech. | |||
====Present of ''zer'' ("to be") and ''haar'' ("to have")==== | |||
The verbs '''zer''' and '''haar''' are two of the main verbs in Aarlaansk and they are irregular as in most other languages. Here it is the conjugation of these two verbs in the present tense: | |||
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle" | |||
!'''Person''' | |||
!'''Zer''' | |||
!'''Haar''' | |||
|- | |||
!'''eg''' | |||
|zom | |||
|haf | |||
|- | |||
!'''toe''' / '''is''' | |||
|est | |||
|haft | |||
|- | |||
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe''' | |||
|zunt | |||
|haan | |||
|} | |||
In Aarlaansk the subject is always expressed, with impersonal verbs it is used the dummy subject '''id''', ex.: | |||
* ''Id pluft'' - It rains. | |||
====Present of regular verbs==== | |||
The infinitive form of almost all verbs ends with ''-er''. The regular verbs are formed adding particular endings to the root form. The root form of a verb is obtained just dropping the infinitive ending and adding the personal endings. Of course to obtain the root form is necessary to pay attention to the vowel length, that must be maintained (unless the verb is irregular). Moreover if the verb root ends with ''-v'' or ''-z'', these letters become unvoiced in the three singular persons voices. | |||
Here are four verbs: ''wider'' (to see), ''rjalizer'' (to realize), ''diever'' (to have to), ''oder'' (to hear): | |||
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle" | |||
!'''Person''' | |||
!'''Wider''' | |||
!'''Rjalizer''' | |||
!'''Diever''' | |||
!'''Oder''' | |||
|- | |||
!'''eg''' | |||
|wid | |||
|rjalis | |||
|dief | |||
|ood | |||
|- | |||
!'''toe''' / '''is''' | |||
|widt | |||
|rjalist | |||
|dieft | |||
|oodt | |||
|- | |||
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe''' | |||
|widen | |||
|rjalizen | |||
|dieven | |||
|oden | |||
|} | |||
The endings of the present tense of indicative are thus: | |||
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle" | |||
!'''Person''' | |||
!'''Ending''' | |||
|- | |||
!'''eg''' | |||
| - | |||
|- | |||
!'''toe''' / '''is''' | |||
| -t | |||
|- | |||
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe''' | |||
| -en | |||
|} | |||
Pay attention the the verbs whose root form ends with a long vowel or a diphthong followed by ''-d'': in the 1st and 2nd singular persons of the present of indicative the ''-d(t)'' ending is often omitted in the speech, ex.: ''toe rij(dt)'', "you laugh". | |||
====Present of some irregular verbs==== | |||
Aarlaansk has got some irregular verbs too. Often the infinitive of these verbs doesn't end with ''-er'', but with slightly different endings. Some other verbs have got the regular infinitive ending ''-er'', but are irregular. Here it can be seen the present tense of the verbs ''vaar'' (to do), ''ijr'' (to go), ''daar'' (to give), ''duir'' (to lead) and ''vluer'' (to flow, to slip by): | |||
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle" | |||
!'''Person''' | |||
!'''Vaar''' | |||
!'''Ijr''' | |||
!'''Daar''' | |||
!'''Duir''' | |||
!'''Vluer''' | |||
|- | |||
!'''eg''' | |||
|vach | |||
|wa(ad) | |||
|doe | |||
|duich | |||
|vluf | |||
|- | |||
!'''toe''' / '''is''' | |||
|vacht | |||
|wa(adt) | |||
|doet | |||
|duicht | |||
|vluft | |||
|- | |||
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe''' | |||
|vaan | |||
|waan | |||
|daan | |||
|duin | |||
|vluen | |||
|} | |||
The irregularities are not systematic: how it can be seen, both ''vaar'' and ''daar'' have got an infinitive in ''-aar'', but the former has got a root form ''vach-'' in the three singular persons, whereas the latter has got a root form ''doe-''. More systematic (but not ever) are the verbs whose infinitive ends in ''-Ver'': in the three singular persons the root form ends in ''-Vf'', ex.: ''id pluft'', "it rains", from ''pluer'', ''eg me laf'', "I wash (myself)", from ''laer-ze'', and so on. | |||
However it is best to control in the dictionary how the root form of the irregular verbs changes. | |||