8,522
edits
Lifashian: Difference between revisions
m
→Days and months
| Line 1,249: | Line 1,249: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Farvardin | ! Farvardin | ||
| | | frawortín || n || {{IPA|[fræworˈtiːn]}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Ordibehesht | ! Ordibehesht | ||
| | | ardowhist || m || {{IPA|[ærdou̯ˈhiʃt]}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Khordad | ! Khordad | ||
| | | liftá || f || {{IPA|[ˈliftɑː]}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Tir | ! Tir | ||
| | | téyr || m || {{IPA|[teːi̯r]}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Mordad | ! Mordad | ||
| | | amartát || m || {{IPA|[æmærˈtɑːt]}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Shahriwar | ! Shahriwar | ||
| | | ksyahrbér || m || {{IPA|[kʃærˈbeːr]}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Mehr | ! Mehr | ||
| | | mihr || m || {{IPA|[mir]}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Aban | ! Aban | ||
| | | hehnsúns || m || {{IPA|[henˈsuːns]}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Azar | ! Azar | ||
| | | átar || m || {{IPA|[ɑːˈtær]}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Dey | ! Dey | ||
| | | lefón || n || {{IPA|[leˈfoːn]}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Bahman | ! Bahman | ||
| | | bohman || m || {{IPA|[boˈmæn]}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Esfand | ! Esfand | ||
| | | isfendárm || n || {{IPA|[iʃfenˈdɑːrm]}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
{{col-break}} | {{col-break}} | ||
| Line 1,329: | Line 1,329: | ||
Dár Lífasyám is one of the few countries in the world that does not use the Gregorian calendar, and notably it is the only one that reverted to its national calendar after using the Gregorian one for seven decades (during the Soviet period).<br/> | Dár Lífasyám is one of the few countries in the world that does not use the Gregorian calendar, and notably it is the only one that reverted to its national calendar after using the Gregorian one for seven decades (during the Soviet period).<br/> | ||
The current Lifashian calendar is the Solar Hijri (Iranian) calendar but counting years since (Gregorian/Julian) 1917, the year of the October Revolution; the month names are the Persian ones also used in Iran, which were the ones traditionally used by the Lifashians before adopting the Gregorian calendar in 1918.<br/>The | The current Lifashian calendar is the Solar Hijri (Iranian) calendar but counting years since (Gregorian/Julian) 1917, the year of the October Revolution; the month names are mostly the Persian ones also used in Iran, which were the ones traditionally used by the Lifashians before adopting the Gregorian calendar in 1918: the Lifashian names are slightly different from the current Iranian ones as they were mostly borrowed in Lifashian prehistory, from Early Middle Persian; three of the month names (Khordad, Aban, and Dey) are old calques rather than borrowings.<br/>The Iranian calendar had been unofficially used all throughout the Soviet era, and the shift from the Gregorian calendar to it (with the year numbering change) was approved in 1992, right after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and Lifashian independence; the calendar entered official use on Nowruz 77 (21 March 1993). In Dár Lífasyam, 20 March 1993 was followed by 1 farwardín 77.<br/>Years before 1917 are counted backwards and marked in writing with the abbreviation ''p.R.'', "before the Revolution" (''pire tassyá Rewalúciyehi''); 1916 is 1 p.R. in the Lifashian calendar | ||
The Gregorian calendar is unofficially used in international (and non-Greater Iranian) contexts, but historical dates e.g. in school textbooks are always cited and learned in the Lifashian calendar only; it is also used by the ethnic minority of the Lifashian Ligurians and by the Roman Catholic Church in Dár Lífasyám, which uses it to determine the dates of Catholic holidays; the dates of Orthodox holidays (by the Lifashian Syriac Orthodox Church, the largest religious denomination in the country, which is non-Chalcedonian) are similarly determined using the Julian Calendar. Interestingly, as the Julian calendar was first spread during the Middle Ages and Early Modern Era, during the period of Genoese rule over Dár Lífasyám, the Gregorian (and Julian) month names in Lifashian are derived from Ligurian. | The Gregorian calendar is unofficially used in international (and non-Greater Iranian) contexts, but historical dates e.g. in school textbooks are always cited and learned in the Lifashian calendar only; it is also used by the ethnic minority of the Lifashian Ligurians and by the Roman Catholic Church in Dár Lífasyám, which uses it to determine the dates of Catholic holidays; the dates of Orthodox holidays (by the Lifashian Syriac Orthodox Church, the largest religious denomination in the country, which is non-Chalcedonian) are similarly determined using the Julian Calendar. Interestingly, as the Julian calendar was first spread during the Middle Ages and Early Modern Era, during the period of Genoese rule over Dár Lífasyám, the Gregorian (and Julian) month names in Lifashian are derived from Ligurian. | ||
| Line 1,338: | Line 1,338: | ||
Public holidays and other festivities - which, in Dár Lífasyám, are for the most part the same as in the Soviet era - were realigned either based on the date of the historical event they are based on, or on what day of the Solar Hijri calendar they fell on in 1992. | Public holidays and other festivities - which, in Dár Lífasyám, are for the most part the same as in the Soviet era - were realigned either based on the date of the historical event they are based on, or on what day of the Solar Hijri calendar they fell on in 1992. | ||
* Nowruz (''Nawróz''): 1-4 | * Nowruz (''Nawróz''): 1-4 frawortín; Nowruz is the main holiday in Dár Lífasyám and it is celebrated by all ethnic groups of the country. A broader two-week period of Nowruz holidays is the general holiday season in the country and all schools are closed during those days, much like Christmas holidays in Western countries. | ||
* Day of the International (''hámor tassyá Diyakisyuwársyássyá''): 11 and 12 | * Day of the International (''hámor tassyá Diyakisyuwársyássyá''): 11 and 12 ardowhist (celebration of International Workers' Day; the days correspond to Gregorian 1/2 May in most years) | ||
* Victory Day (''hámor tassyá Pawyedehi''): 19 | * Victory Day (''hámor tassyá Pawyedehi''): 19 ardowhist (commemorating the Victory over Nazi Germany on 9 May 1945 / 19 ardowhist 29) | ||
* Day of Peace and Freedom in the World (''hamor tassyá Serwánehi aw Ázáditehi mey Dejehi''), often referred to by left-wing parties as Day of the Liberation from Colonialism and Imperialism (''hámor tassyá Hótarpetiyors hó tassyá Mostahmartuwehi aw Iluhántuwehi''): 24 | * Day of Peace and Freedom in the World (''hamor tassyá Serwánehi aw Ázáditehi mey Dejehi''), often referred to by left-wing parties as Day of the Liberation from Colonialism and Imperialism (''hámor tassyá Hótarpetiyors hó tassyá Mostahmartuwehi aw Iluhántuwehi''): 24 liftá (introduced in 1999; the date commemorates the birth of Ernesto "Che" Guevara on 14 June 1928 / 24 liftá 12) | ||
* Day of the Renaissance (''hámor tassyá Anajencehi''): 26 | * Day of the Renaissance (''hámor tassyá Anajencehi''): 26 amartát (commemorating the death of Dótfaren Lilháti, a prominent poet and philosopher of the Lifashian Renaissance, on 17 August 1646 / 26 amartát 271 p.R.) | ||
* Day of the Constitution (''hámor tosy Syadúbmé'') : 14 | * Day of the Constitution (''hámor tosy Syadúbmé'') : 14 ksyahrbér (commemorating the signing of the Lifashian Constitution on 5 September 1992 / 14 ksyahrbér 76) | ||
* Day of the Revolution (''hámor tassyá Rewalúciyehi otúbri''): 16 | * Day of the Revolution (''hámor tassyá Rewalúciyehi otúbri''): 16 hehnsúns (commemorating the October Revolution on 7 November 1917 / 16 hehnsúns 1) | ||
* Day of the Memory of Lenin (''hámor tosy yádi Leniné''): 1 | * Day of the Memory of Lenin (''hámor tosy yádi Leniné''): 1 bohman (commemorating the death of V.I. Lenin on 21 January 1925 / 1 bohman 8). Reintroduced in 1995. | ||
* International Women's Day (''hámor diyakisyuwársyás tásam ninfehám''): 18 | * International Women's Day (''hámor diyakisyuwársyás tásam ninfehám''): 18 isfendárm (corresponds to 9 March in most years, but the date was fixed on the occurrence in 1992) | ||
The Day of the Paris Commune (''hámor tosy komúné Parízyi'') on 27 | The Day of the Paris Commune (''hámor tosy komúné Parízyi'') on 27 isfendárm, commemorating the uprising of the National Guard of Paris on 18 March 1871 / 27 isfendárm 46 p.R., had been reintroduced in 1998 after being a holiday in the early Soviet era; however, after three years, it was removed from the list of public holidays as it was deemed too close to Nowruz anyway; the Day of the Renaissance was instituted to replace it. | ||
Members of the three main religious confessions of Dár Lífasyám (Orthodox Christians, Muslims, and Catholics) celebrate as de facto "religious public holidays" the main religious holidays of their faith: Christmas (''Libajencá'') and Easter (''Zátegi'') for Christians and Eid al-Adha (''Hedekorbán'') and Eid al-Fitr (''Hedolfetr'') for Muslims. According to national laws, everyone has the right to get days off work on the dates of their religion's main holidays; municipalities with particular minorities can decide to declare local public holidays on those days. The dates of these holidays are calculated using the Julian calendar for Eastern Orthodox Christians, the Gregorian one for Catholics, and the Islamic calendar for Muslims. Lifashian Christians celebrate Christmas on the same date as Theophany, using the Gregorian date (as do Armenians), corresponding to 16 or 17 | Members of the three main religious confessions of Dár Lífasyám (Orthodox Christians, Muslims, and Catholics) celebrate as de facto "religious public holidays" the main religious holidays of their faith: Christmas (''Libajencá'') and Easter (''Zátegi'') for Christians and Eid al-Adha (''Hedekorbán'') and Eid al-Fitr (''Hedolfetr'') for Muslims. According to national laws, everyone has the right to get days off work on the dates of their religion's main holidays; municipalities with particular minorities can decide to declare local public holidays on those days. The dates of these holidays are calculated using the Julian calendar for Eastern Orthodox Christians, the Gregorian one for Catholics, and the Islamic calendar for Muslims. Lifashian Christians celebrate Christmas on the same date as Theophany, using the Gregorian date (as do Armenians), corresponding to 16 or 17 lefón depending on the year in the Lifashian calendar. | ||
===Time and date=== | ===Time and date=== | ||