Ciètian: Difference between revisions

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Ciètian (view source)

Revision as of 22:43, 23 September 2021

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==Morphology==
==Morphology==
===Pronouns===
===Pronouns===
{| class="greentable lightgreenbg " style=" text-align: center;"
Anbirese but with more politeness distinctions
|-
!|
!I!!you (sg.)!!he!!she!!it!!we (exc.)!!we (inc.)!!you (pl.)!!they!!you (semi-polite)!!you (polite)
|-
!|Emphatic
|''gonin''||''gonas''||''gonu''||''goni''||''gona''||''gonang''||''gonid''||''gonah''||''gonar''||''gonaH''||''gonaLà''
|-
!|Genitive
|''nà''||''fiar''||''hù''||''hì''||''hè''||''àng''||''gèd''||''sèd''||''hàr''||''Sèd''||''Là''
|-
!|Accusative
|''mòn''||''mòs''||''mòng''||''mài''||''mò''||''mòm''||''mèd''||''mòh''||''mòr''||''mòH''||''moLà''
|}
====Politeness====
Modern {{SUBPAGENAME}} has three levels of politeness in pronouns:
*''gonas, mòs'' (sg.) is used for family members, friends, pets, inanimates, deities, and among blue-collar workers. It is becoming more common among young people.
*''gonaLà, moLà'' is used as a polite second-person pronoun (for both singular and plural) for strangers or persons in positions of authority. It is still considered acceptable for some professions, such as superiors in military or schoolteachers, to refer to their counterparts with the familiar pronouns ''gonas'' and ''gonah'', although nowadays using ''gonaLà'' is becoming more common.
*''gonaH'' is roughly intermediate in formality between ''gonas'' and ''gonaLà''. The pronoun ''gonaH'' is used when an apprentice addresses their master, when university students address professors or when professors address students. In universities and some schools students use ''gonaH'' for each other. (In vocational schools ''gonawaa'' is used for student-instructor conversation.) Strangers on the Internet and books intended for a general audience also use ''gonax''.
**In archaic {{SUBPAGENAME}}, ''gonaH'' is used as a polite pronoun for persons of higher class (say nobles or royalty), or among the upper class.
 
===Nouns===
===Nouns===
Standard {{SUBPAGENAME}} nouns are quite conservative: they have three genders (masculine, feminine and neuter), three numbers (singular, plural and collective), and three states (nominative, genitive and construct). Collective nouns take singular agreement with verbs and adjectives. Regiolects usually have more tone and less noun declension.
Standard {{SUBPAGENAME}} nouns are quite conservative: they have three genders (masculine, feminine and neuter), three numbers (singular, plural and collective), and three states (nominative, genitive and construct). Collective nouns take singular agreement with verbs and adjectives. Regiolects usually have more tone and less noun declension.
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