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Riagi: Difference between revisions
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*: Marks the entity which carries out the action, this theme is exclusive to the nominative case. | *: Marks the entity which carries out the action, this theme is exclusive to the nominative case. | ||
*Patientive ({{smallcaps|pat}}) | *Patientive ({{smallcaps|pat}}) | ||
*: Marks the patient or theme, that is the entity that undergoes the action | *: Marks the patient or theme, that is the entity that undergoes the action, it is unmarked | ||
*Instrumental ({{smallcaps|ins}}) | *Instrumental ({{smallcaps|ins}}) | ||
*: Marks the instrument or entity with which the action was carried out, this can be a tool or a person. | *: Marks the instrument or entity with which the action was carried out, this can be a tool or a person. | ||
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! style="width:40px" | Ø | ! style="width:40px" | Ø | ||
| Ø | | Ø | ||
| | | o | ||
| -oe | | -oe | ||
| -ae | | -ae | ||
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**'''sōto''' - Presents an explanation | **'''sōto''' - Presents an explanation | ||
==== '' | ==== ''₪ Subordinating conjunctions'' ==== | ||
===Particles=== | ===Particles=== | ||
====''Reference markers''==== | ====''Reference markers''==== | ||
Reference markers are verb-like copulas that can take an object and a referenced argument as their subject for the purpose of building subordinate clauses. But unlike verbs, their word structure is strictly VO with the subject implicit in the particle | Reference markers are verb-like copulas that can take an object and a referenced argument as their subject for the purpose of building subordinate clauses. But unlike verbs, they cannot be conjugated and their word structure is strictly VO with the subject implicit in the particle. | ||
*Subject reference marker ({{smallcaps|srm}}) ''' | *Subject reference marker ({{smallcaps|srm}}) '''vāe''' | ||
*:References the subject of it's supraordinating clause as its subject | *:References the subject of it's supraordinating clause as its subject | ||
*Object reference marker ({{smallcaps|orm}}) ''' | *Object reference marker ({{smallcaps|orm}}) '''vāte''' | ||
*:References the object of it's supraordinating clause as its subject | *:References the object of it's supraordinating clause as its subject | ||
*Indirect object reference marker ({{smallcaps| | *Indirect object reference marker ({{smallcaps|irm}}) '''vāme''' | ||
*:References the indirect object of it's supraordinating clause as its subject | *:References the indirect object of it's supraordinating clause as its subject | ||
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Riagi uses a base-20 numeric system (similar to the mayan numerals) | Riagi uses a base-20 numeric system (similar to the mayan numerals) | ||
== | == ₪ Derivational Morphology == | ||
=== | === ₪ Compounds === | ||
=== | === ₪ From Nouns === | ||
=== | === ₪ From Verbs === | ||
=== | === ₪ From Adforms=== | ||
== Syntax == | == Syntax == | ||
=== Word order === | === Word order === | ||
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*SOV - Both arguments are indefinite | *SOV - Both arguments are indefinite | ||
Indirect objects are placed after the subject and object whenever possible. | Indirect objects are placed after the subject and object whenever possible. | ||
==== ''Adverbs'' ==== | |||
Adverbs are placed after the word they modify | |||
==== ''Adjectives'' ==== | |||
Adjectives are placed directly after the noun they modify, when stacking adjectives these must be separated by the particle ''''a''' to avoid their adverbalization | |||
==== ''Adpositions'' ==== | ==== ''Adpositions'' ==== | ||
Adpositions must be placed after a copular verb, if no such verb is present then a reference marker is to be used instead | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
| is <font color="#B00">inside</font> dog.{{smallcaps|nom}} box.{{smallcaps|abs.pat}} | |||
|- | |||
| ''the dog is inside the box'' | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
| climb.{{smallcaps|pst.pfv}} cat.{{smallcaps|nom}} tree.{{smallcaps|abs.pat}} <font color="#0B0">{{smallcaps|orm}}</font> <font color="#B00">next.to</font> house.{{smallcaps|abs.pat}} | |||
|- | |||
| ''the cat climbed the tree next to the house'' | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
| eat.{{smallcaps|pst.pfv}} kids.{{smallcaps|nom}} food.{{smallcaps|abs.pat}} <font color="#0B0">{{smallcaps|srm}}</font> <font color="#B00">on</font> floor.{{smallcaps|abs.pat}} | |||
|- | |||
| ''the kids ate the food on the floor'' | |||
|} | |||
=== ₪ Clauses === | |||
=== | ==== ''₪ Declarative'' ==== | ||
==== '' | ==== ''₪ Interrogative'' ==== | ||
==== '' | ==== ''₪ Exclamatory'' ==== | ||
==== '' | ==== ''₪ Imperative'' ==== | ||
==== '' | === ₪ Transitivity === | ||
=== | ==== ''₪ Valence increasing'' ==== | ||
==== '' | ===== ₪ Causative ===== | ||
===== | ===== ₪ Applicative ===== | ||
===== | ===== ₪ Benefactive ===== | ||
===== | ==== ''₪ Valence decreasing'' ==== | ||
==== '' | ===== ₪ Passive voice ===== | ||
===== | ===== ₪ Antipassive ===== | ||
===== | ===== ₪ Reflexive ===== | ||
===== | === ₪ Coordination === | ||
=== | === ₪ Subordination === | ||
=== | |||
== | == ₪ Writing system == | ||
=== | === ₪ Alphabet === | ||
=== | === ₪ Orthography === | ||
=== | === ₪ Typography === | ||
== | == ₪ Cultural usage of language == | ||
[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Conlangs]][[Category:A priori]] | [[Category:Languages]][[Category:Conlangs]][[Category:A priori]] | ||