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The velar nasal is both a phoneme and an allophone. As a phoneme, /ŋ/ can occur in any position in a word, including in the initial position. Before the velar consonants /k/ and /g/, [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/. The phoneme /ŋ/ can never occur before velar consonants. | The velar nasal is both a phoneme and an allophone. As a phoneme, /ŋ/ can occur in any position in a word, including in the initial position. Before the velar consonants /k/ and /g/, [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/. The phoneme /ŋ/ can never occur before velar consonants. | ||
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'''Voicing and Devoicing'''<br /> | |||
Czecklish obstruents are subject to voicing and devoicing in certain positions. This leads to neutralization of voiced/voiceless pairs in those positions. The phenomenon applies in word-final position and in consonant clusters. In a Czecklish consonant cluster, including across a word boundary, the obstruents are either all voiced or all voiceless. To determine whether a given cluster has voiced or voiceless obstruents, examine whether the last obstruent in the cluster, excluding /v/ or /ʑ/, appears to be voiced or voiceless. Sonorants do not represent obstruents, and therefore do not affect the voicing of other consonants; they are also usually not subject to devoicing except when surrounded by unvoiced consonants. | |||
At the end of a word obstruents are pronounced voiceless, unless followed by a word beginning with a voiced obstruent, in which case the above cluster rules apply. However in some regional dialects, final obstruents are voiced if the following word starts with a sonorant. | |||
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