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Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin/Ballmer: Difference between revisions
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Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin/Ballmer (view source)
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== Grammar == | == Grammar == | ||
Bamăriș has lost gender, case and grammatical mutations | Bamăriș has lost gender, case and grammatical mutations. | ||
=== Nouns === | |||
Noun mutation has lexicalized to the form that came after the definite article. h- is still added to vowel initial plural nouns but not adjectives. | |||
Bamăriș gained an animacy distinction. Animate singular nouns always take the definite article ''nt/n/m'' (< Proto Ăn Yidiș ''*ənt'', the masculine sg. nominative article before vowels) while the inanimate singular article is ''a'' before a consonant and ''an'' before a vowel. Non-Hebrew/Aramaic noun plurals are regularly -iņ (< -ug-n < *-óg-anna) if inanimate, -(ă)n if animate. | Bamăriș gained an animacy distinction. Animate singular nouns always take the definite article ''nt/n/m'' (< Proto Ăn Yidiș ''*ənt'', the masculine sg. nominative article before vowels) while the inanimate singular article is ''a'' before a consonant and ''an'' before a vowel. Non-Hebrew/Aramaic noun plurals are regularly -iņ (< -ug-n < *-óg-anna) if inanimate, -(ă)n if animate. | ||
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* a rowșin 'the rose', nă rowșiniņ 'the roses' | * a rowșin 'the rose', nă rowșiniņ 'the roses' | ||
* an ofis 'the office', nă hofisiņ 'the offices' | * an ofis 'the office', nă hofisiņ 'the offices' | ||
=== Clitic complex === | |||
Sentences with Hebrew verbs in the Ballmer dialect always use an eroded form of ''*tá ... ina VERB'' or ''*bi ina VERB''. The past tense is likewise ''-mbi-'', an erosion of ''*i ndiaidh bi''. | |||
Object pronouns of transitive verbs are forms of the preposition ''ghă''. | |||
truth value -- subject -- tense -- verb -- object | |||
The 2nd person singular familiar pronoun is ''ti'' (''thu'' in Standard Ăn Yidiș). The present tense auxiliary תּאָ is pronounced ''tu'' when stressed (when a subject pronoun follows or when used as "yes") and ''t' '' or ''tă'' when unstressed (when a noun follows). | The 2nd person singular familiar pronoun is ''ti'' (''thu'' in Standard Ăn Yidiș). The present tense auxiliary תּאָ is pronounced ''tu'' when stressed (when a subject pronoun follows or when used as "yes") and ''t' '' or ''tă'' when unstressed (when a noun follows). | ||