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* the verb '''ru eu''' (= ''I am'') is used to describe something or someone, to express a position, to indicate a temporary state, ex.: '''Ru eu elev''' (= ''I am happy''), '''Rys hi en oic to yun''' (= ''You are in this house''), '''Ryu ý eivan''' (= ''She's angry''); | * the verb '''ru eu''' (= ''I am'') is used to describe something or someone, to express a position, to indicate a temporary state, ex.: '''Ru eu elev''' (= ''I am happy''), '''Rys hi en oic to yun''' (= ''You are in this house''), '''Ryu ý eivan''' (= ''She's angry''); | ||
* the verb '''yv eu''' (= ''I am'') is used to say what something is, to indicate identity, to express a permanent state, and to emphasise something, ex.: '''Yv eu enyr''' (= ''I am a man''), '''Y hi adelu evon''' (= ''You are my brother''), '''It ý ivydh''' (= ''She's (a) good (person)''); '''Eté üi, ten filu eu''' (= '' | * the verb '''yv eu''' (= ''I am'') is used to say what something is, to indicate identity, to express a permanent state, and to emphasise something, ex.: '''Yv eu enyr''' (= ''I am a man''), '''Y hi adelu evon''' (= ''You are my brother''), '''It ý ivydh''' (= ''She's (a) good (person)''); '''Eté üi, ten filu eu''' (= ''You are the ones whom I love''). | ||
Not all the verbal persons have got different forms, the third person plural has got only one form as it can be seen in the following table: | Not all the verbal persons have got different forms, the third person plural has got only one form as it can be seen in the following table: | ||
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=== | ===Present tense=== | ||
Generally the '''present tense''' is used to talk about habitual actions that happen regularly, just as in English: ''Every Friday I '''play''' football with friends''. This tense is also used to talk about facts that are considered true, ex.: ''Water '''boils''' at 100°C'', and also to talk about an action that is happening at the moment of speaking, whereas in English one would rather use the progressive form, which, actually, does exist also in Neohellenic, even if it is rarely used. | |||
In Brytho-Hellenic many important verbs are irregular and they have got peculiarities that must be learned and cannot be summed up in tables. | In Brytho-Hellenic many important verbs are irregular and they have got peculiarities that must be learned and cannot be summed up in tables. | ||
Most verbs though are regular and, of course, all the new coinages are regular. | Most verbs though are regular and, of course, all the new coinages are regular. | ||
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===Present of "i-verbs"=== | ====Present of "i-verbs"==== | ||
There are some verbs, not too many, actually, that insert a tonic '''i''' between the root and the endings in the present and in the imperfect: because of this they are called ''i-verbs''. | There are some verbs, not too many, actually, that insert a tonic '''i''' between the root and the endings in the present and in the imperfect: because of this they are called ''i-verbs''. | ||
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All i-verbs are ''e-pattern verbs''. | All i-verbs are ''e-pattern verbs''. | ||
===Present of "contracted verbs"=== | ====Present of "contracted verbs"==== | ||
Many verbs have got an irregular present: unfortunately it isn't possible to establish some patterns, because the difference can lie in the whichever person when not in all of them. Very often the different endings are the result of vowel contractions that took place in antiquity, thus these verbs are called '''contracted verbs'''. | Many verbs have got an irregular present: unfortunately it isn't possible to establish some patterns, because the difference can lie in the whichever person when not in all of them. Very often the different endings are the result of vowel contractions that took place in antiquity, thus these verbs are called '''contracted verbs'''. | ||
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===="A-verbs"==== | ====="A-verbs"===== | ||
The verb ''oran'' belongs to a special class of contracted verbs: the '''a-verbs'''. These verbs show an '''a''' in some endings and, above all, in the infinitive instead of the classic '''y'''. These are the only irregular verbs with a predictable pattern, as we can see with other examples, such as the verbs '''dogan''', "to wait", '''tivan''', "to honour", and '''gelan''', "to laugh": | The verb ''oran'' belongs to a special class of contracted verbs: the '''a-verbs'''. These verbs show an '''a''' in some endings and, above all, in the infinitive instead of the classic '''y'''. These are the only irregular verbs with a predictable pattern, as we can see with other examples, such as the verbs '''dogan''', "to wait", '''tivan''', "to honour", and '''gelan''', "to laugh": | ||
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|gelus | |gelus | ||
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====The progressive form==== | |||
Neohellenic has developed a '''progressive form''' of the present and the formation of it let linguists think that it derives from Celtic languages. | |||
Nowadays the progressive form is less and less used, except for some Occidental dialects which even prefer this form to the simple present. | |||
The present progressive is formed with '''verb ''byn'' (ru eu) + en + infinitive of the verb''', ex.: | |||
* ''Ru eu en paisyn hin to civicoi.'' > I'm playing dice. | |||
* ''Ys oi en oran to paid.'' > They are seeing the children. | |||
==Vocabulary== | ==Vocabulary== | ||