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Verse:Irta/Irish: Difference between revisions
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Irish in Tricin undergoes a spelling reform | Irish in Tricin undergoes a spelling reform | ||
==Lexicon== | |||
Munster Irish differs from [[Ulster Irish|Ulster]] and [[Connacht Irish]] in a number of respects. Some words and phrases used in Munster Irish are not used in the other varieties, such as: | |||
*{{lang|ga|in aon chor}} (Clear Island, Corca Dhuibhne, West Muskerry, Waterford) or {{lang|ga|ar aon chor}} (Clear Island, West Carbery, Waterford) "at any rate" (other dialects {{lang|ga|ar chor ar bith}} (Connacht) and {{lang|ga|ar scor ar bith}} (Ulster) | |||
*{{lang|ga|fé, fí}} "under" (standard {{lang|ga|faoi}}) | |||
*{{lang|ga|Gaelainn}} "Irish language" (Cork and Kerry), {{lang|ga|Gaeilinn}} (Waterford) (standard {{lang|ga|Gaeilge}}) | |||
*{{lang|ga|ná}} "that...not; do not" (standard {{lang|ga|nach}}) | |||
*{{lang|ga|leis}} "also" (Connacht {{lang|ga|freisin}}, Ulster {{lang|ga|fosta}}) | |||
*{{lang|ga|anso}} or {{lang|ga|atso}} "here" and {{lang|ga|ansan}} or {{lang|ga|atsan}} "there" instead of standard {{lang|ga|anseo}} and {{lang|ga|ansin}}, respectively | |||
* In both demonstrative pronouns and adjectives speakers of Munster Irish differentiate between {{lang|ga|seo}} "this" and {{lang|ga|sin}} "that" following a palatalised consonant or front vowel and {{lang|ga|so}} "this" and {{lang|ga|san}} "that" following a velarised consonant or back vowel in final position: {{lang|ga|an bóthar so}} "this road", {{lang|ga|an bhó san}} "that cow", {{lang|ga|an chairt sin}} "that cart", {{lang|ga|an claí seo}} "this fence" | |||
* the use of {{lang|ga|thá}} instead of {{lang|ga|tá}} in the extreme west of Corca Dhuibhne and in Gaeltacht na nDéise. | |||
* the preposition {{lang|ga|chuig}} "to, towards", common in [[Connacht Irish]] and [[Ulster Irish]] where it developed as a back formation from the 3rd person singular preposition ''chuige'' "towards him" is not used in Munster. The form ''chun'' (from Classical Irish ''do chum''), also found in the West and North, is used in preference. | |||
* Munster Irish uses a fuller range of "looking" verbs, while these in Connacht and Ulster are restricted: {{lang|ga|féachaint}} "looking", "watching", {{lang|ga|breithniú}} "carefully observing", {{lang|ga|amharc}} "look, watch", ''glinniúint'' "gazing, staring", ''sealladh'' "looking" etc. | |||
* the historic dative form {{lang|ga|tigh}} "house", as in Scots and Manx Gaelic, is now used as the nominative form (Standard {{lang|ga|teach}}) | |||
* Munster retains the historic form of the personal pronoun {{lang|ga|sinn}} "us" which has largely been replaced with {{lang|ga|muid}} (or {{lang|ga|muinn}} in parts of Ulster) in most situations in Connacht and Ulster. | |||
* Corca Dhuibhne and [[Gaeltacht na nDéise]] use the independent form {{lang|ga|cím}} (earlier {{lang|ga|do-chím}}) "I see" as well as the dependent form ''ficim / feicim '' (earlier {{lang|ga|ad-chím}}), while [[Muskerry]] and Clear Island use the forms ''chím'' (independent) and ''ficim''. | |||
* The adverbial forms {{lang|ga|chuige}}, {{lang|ga|a chuige}} in Corca Dhuibhne and {{lang|ga|a chuigint}} "at all" in [[Gaeltacht na nDéise]] are sometimes used in addition to {{lang|ga|in aon chor}} or {{lang|ga|ar aon chor}} | |||
* The adjective {{lang|ga|cuibheasach}} {{IPA|/kiːsəx/}} is used adverbially in phrases such as {{lang|ga|cuibheasach beag}} "rather small", "fairly small", {{lang|ga|cuibheasach mór}} "quite large". Connacht uses {{lang|ga|sách}} and Ulster {{lang|ga|íontach}} | |||
* {{lang|ga|Faic}}, {{lang|ga|pioc}}, ''puinn'' and ''tada'' in West Munster, {{lang|ga|dada}} in [[Gaeltacht na nDéise]], {{lang|ga|ní dúrt pioc}} "I said nothing at all", {{lang|ga|níl faic dá bharr agam}} "I have gained nothing by it" | |||
* The interjections {{lang|ga|ambaiste}}, {{lang|ga|ambaist}}, {{lang|ga|ambasa}}, {{lang|ga|ambaic}} "Indeed!", "My word!", "My God!" in West Munster and {{lang|ga|amaite}}, {{lang|ga|amaite fhéinig}} in [[Gaeltacht na nDéise]] (''ambaiste'' = ''dom bhaisteadh'' "by my baptism", ''am basa'' = ''dom basaibh'' "by my palms", ''ambaic'' = ''dom baic'' "by my heeding"; ''amaite'' = ''dom aite'' "my oddness") | |||
* {{lang|ga|obann}} "sudden" instead of {{lang|ga|tobann}} in the other major dialects | |||
* {{lang|ga|práta}} "potato", {{lang|ga|fata}} in Connacht and {{lang|ga|préata}} in Ulster | |||
* {{lang|ga|oiriúnach}} "suitable", {{lang|ga|feiliúnach}} in Connacht and {{lang|ga|fóirsteanach}} in Ulster | |||
* {{lang|ga|nóimint}}, {{lang|ga|nóimit}}, {{lang|ga|nóimeat}}, {{lang|ga|neomint}}, {{lang|ga|neomat}}, {{lang|ga|nóiméad}} in Connacht and {{lang|ga|bomaite}} in [[Donegal (town)|Donegal]] | |||
* Munster differentiates between {{lang|ga|ach go háirithe}} "anyway", "anyhow" and {{lang|ga|go háirithe}} "particularly", "especially" | |||
* {{lang|ga|gallúnach}} "soap", {{lang|ga|gallaoireach}} in Connacht and {{lang|ga|sópa}} in Ulster | |||
* {{lang|ga|deifir}} is "difference" in Munster, and is a Latin loan: {{lang|ga|níl aon deifir eatarthu}} "there is no difference between them"; the Gaelic word ''deifir'' "hurry" is retained in the other dialects (c.f. [[Scottish Gaelic]] {{lang|gd|diofar}} "difference") | |||
* {{lang|ga|deabhadh}} or {{lang|ga|deithneas}} "hurry" whereas the other major dialects use {{lang|ga|deifir}} | |||
* {{lang|ga|-(e)amhail}} used instead of standard {{lang|ga|-(i)úil}} in [[Dunquin]] in words such as {{lang|ga|suimeamhail}}, {{lang|ga|cáirdeamhail}}, {{lang|ga|oifigeamhail}}, etc. instead of standard {{lang|ga|suimiúil}}, {{lang|ga|cáirdiúil}}, {{lang|ga|oifigiúil}}, etc. | |||
== Differences from our Irish == | == Differences from our Irish == | ||
''Dia dhuitse'' (said by some non-Catholics as a reply to ''Dia dhuit''); ''Haileo'' (non-theistic greeting) | ''Dia dhuitse'' (said by some non-Catholics as a reply to ''Dia dhuit''); ''Haileo'' (non-theistic greeting) | ||