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Verse:Irta/Hebrew: Difference between revisions
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Used as a Jewish vernacular in Irta America, Canada and Jewish communities in our Israel/Palestine | Used as a Jewish vernacular in Irta America, Canada and Jewish communities in our Israel/Palestine | ||
Should be mutually intelligible with our Modern Hebrew speakers, though it may sound a bit flowery. In Cualand it's called "French Hebrew" (or '' | Should be mutually intelligible with our Modern Hebrew speakers, though it may sound a bit flowery. In Cualand it's called "French Hebrew" (or עברית צרפתית ''ivris tsarfåsis'' which may also refer to the traditional Tsarfati reading of Hebrew) and is sometimes made fun of. | ||
The standard variety today is an artificial compromise accent between Irta Yevani Hebrew and Tsarfati Hebrew, with an Ăn Yidiș-influenced accent and grammar; it does not merge patach and qamatz gadol unlike Irta Yevani Hebrew. Formal Hebrew is less of an Ăn Yidiș relex, and recent spoken Hebrew's more of an English relex and is becoming closer to Cualand Hebrew or our Israeli Hebrew. | The standard variety today is an artificial compromise accent between Irta Yevani Hebrew and Tsarfati Hebrew, with an Ăn Yidiș-influenced accent and grammar; it does not merge patach and qamatz gadol unlike Irta Yevani Hebrew. Formal Hebrew is less of an Ăn Yidiș relex, and recent spoken Hebrew's more of an English relex and is becoming closer to Cualand Hebrew or our Israeli Hebrew. | ||
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** The following are used instead of בבקשה ''bevakasha'': | ** The following are used instead of בבקשה ''bevakasha'': | ||
*** עם רצונך ''im rătzonxa'' (lit. 'with your will', a calque of ''lă dă-thel'') or אם זה רצונך ''im ze rătzonxa'' (''mă șe dă-thel e'') 'please' | *** עם רצונך ''im rătzonxa'' (lit. 'with your will', a calque of ''lă dă-thel'') or אם זה רצונך ''im ze rătzonxa'' (''mă șe dă-thel e'') 'please' | ||
*** זה חייך ''ze | *** זה חייך ''ze xayéxå'' (lit. 'it's your life', like ''șe dă-bhethă'') 'you're welcome' | ||
*** זה/הנה לך ''ze/hinė | *** זה/הנה לך ''ze/hinė lăxå'' (lit. 'this is to you', like ''șa did'') 'here you go' | ||
** רצון איתי '' | ** רצון איתי ''råtzon iti'' 'I like' (''tel lum''), עדיף איתי ''ådif iti'' 'I prefer' (''fyor lum'') | ||
*** More formally ''ani rotze bă-'' = 'I like, I am pleased with', '' | *** More formally ''ani rotze bă-'' = 'I like, I am pleased with', ''ani xofetz bă-'' 'I want' | ||
*** Conversely using the verb אהב ''ahav'' is a little formal (more so than English ''love'') and is the equivalent of German ''lieben''. It's more common to hear חבב ''chavav'' for family, friends and lovers. | *** Conversely using the verb אהב ''ahav'' is a little formal (more so than English ''love'') and is the equivalent of German ''lieben''. It's more common to hear חבב ''chavav'' for family, friends and lovers. | ||
** '' | ** ''håyå råcon iti'' 'I'd like' | ||
** אפשר איתי '' | ** אפשר איתי ''efšår iti'' 'I can' (''efșăr lum'') | ||
** You might hear ''yeš li [LANGUAGE]'' for 'I speak [LANGUAGE]': | ** You might hear ''yeš li [LANGUAGE]'' for 'I speak [LANGUAGE]': | ||
*** A: ''Kabėl es tėrutzi, him yėš lăxa Azelis?'' 'Excuse me, do you speak English?' | *** A: ''Kabėl es tėrutzi, him yėš lăxa Azelis?'' 'Excuse me, do you speak English?' | ||
*** B: ''Yėš./Ėn.'' 'I do./I do not.' | *** B: ''Yėš./Ėn.'' 'I do./I do not.' | ||
* Question particles (''ha2im'' pronounced ''him'', ''ha-'' in more formal contexts) are usually retained. Questions don't have a different intonation from declarative sentences. Question marks are not usually used. Yes-no questions are usually answered by repeating the verb in the affirmative/negative. Present-tense copular questions (which have no verb), e.g. ''haim šomėr | * Question particles (''ha2im'' pronounced ''him'', ''ha-'' in more formal contexts) are usually retained. Questions don't have a different intonation from declarative sentences. Question marks are not usually used. Yes-no questions are usually answered by repeating the verb in the affirmative/negative. Present-tense copular questions (which have no verb), e.g. ''haim šomėr åxixå atå?'' 'Are you your brother's keeper?' can be answered in the following ways (This is also true of sentences with a present tense verb): | ||
** ''šomėr | ** ''šomėr åxi'' '(Yes, I am) my brother's keeper.' or ''lo šomėr åxi'' '(No, I am) not my brother's keeper.' | ||
** ''hin(e)ni'' 'Yes, I am.' or ''ėnéni/ėni'' 'I am not.' | ** ''hin(e)ni'' 'Yes, I am.' or ''ėnéni/ėni'' 'I am not.' | ||
** ''hėn'' 'indeed' or ''lo'' 'no' (the least common) | ** ''hėn'' 'indeed' or ''lo'' 'no' (the least common) | ||
* It also prefers some coincidentally Gaelic-sounding words, e.g. אַךְ ''ach'' 'but' and שָׂשׂ '' | * It also prefers some coincidentally Gaelic-sounding words, e.g. אַךְ ''ach'' 'but' and שָׂשׂ ''sås'' 'happy' (sounding like Judeo-Gaelic ''ach'' 'but' and ''sostă'' 'satisfied') instead of the synonyms אֲבָל ''avål'' and שָׂמֵחַ ''såmėax''. כה ''ko'' is as common as כל כך ''kol kåx'' for 'so (ADJ)'. | ||
* Tenses are similar to our Modern Hebrew tenses but the '' | * Tenses are similar to our Modern Hebrew tenses but the ''håyå oxėl'' construction is more common. | ||
** היה הוא אוכל = Past imperfective/progressive/conditional (corresponds to V'e ăg ith) | ** היה הוא אוכל = Past imperfective/progressive/conditional (corresponds to V'e ăg ith) | ||
** הוא אוכל = Present | ** הוא אוכל = Present | ||
** הוא אכל = Past perfective | ** הוא אכל = Past perfective | ||
** הוא יאכל = Future | ** הוא יאכל = Future | ||
* Loazit ''- | * Loazit ''-cyå'' '-tion' is borrowed directly from Latin ''-tiō'', via Ăn Yidiș/Tsarfati Hebrew ''-țyo'' | ||
* Prepositions can be weird, esp ''3al'' and ''3im'' (mapped to Irish ''ar'' and ''le'') | * Prepositions can be weird, esp ''3al'' and ''3im'' (mapped to Irish ''ar'' and ''le'') | ||
* It's also as focus-prominent as Ăn Yidiș and Irish. Irishy cleft constructions are common. | * It's also as focus-prominent as Ăn Yidiș and Irish. Irishy cleft constructions are common. | ||
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* kaderekh = 'directly', matched to Irish ''díreach'' | * kaderekh = 'directly', matched to Irish ''díreach'' | ||
* Ireland = אירין ''Ėrin'' (stressed on the 2nd syllable like our ''Polin'') | * Ireland = אירין ''Ėrin'' (stressed on the 2nd syllable like our ''Polin'') | ||
* Irish person = איריני, איריניה, אירינים '' | * Irish person = איריני, איריניה, אירינים ''ėrini, ėriniyå, ėrinim'' | ||
* Irish language = אירינית ''ėrinís'' | * Irish language = אירינית ''ėrinís'' | ||
* Hivantish = | * Hivantish = hivandi, hivandiyå, hivandim; hivandis | ||
Some Hebrew poets in the 19th century wrote in an adapted form of the Irish ''dán díreach'' (or a version of ''cynghanedd''?); they assumed penultimate stress like some of our Modern Hebrew poets. | Some Hebrew poets in the 19th century wrote in an adapted form of the Irish ''dán díreach'' (or a version of ''cynghanedd''?); they assumed penultimate stress like some of our Modern Hebrew poets. | ||