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|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]] | |creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]] | ||
|name = {{PAGENAME}} | |name = {{PAGENAME}} | ||
|nativename = | |nativename = Sowaazh dasheg | ||
|pronunciation= /sʊ̀wɑ̌ːɻ tɑ̀ʂɛ́k/ | |pronunciation= /sʊ̀wɑ̌ːɻ tɑ̀ʂɛ́k/ | ||
|setting= Tricin | |setting= Tricin | ||
|region = | |region = Sowaazh daSóol, in Txapoalli | ||
|familycolor=Isolate | |familycolor=Isolate | ||
|script={{PAGENAME}} alphabet | |script={{PAGENAME}} alphabet | ||
|nation= | |nation=Sowaazhp'í (''de facto'') | ||
|agency=none | |agency=none | ||
|iso3= | |iso3= | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (English: ''soo-WAHR''; | '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (English: ''soo-WAHR''; Amisheg: ''Sowaazh da·shég'' /sʊ̀wɑ̌ːɻ tɑ̀ʂɛ́k/, gloss: Sowaazh {{sc|3pl}}-language-INAL) is the dominant language in [[Verse:Tricin/Sowaazhp'í|Sowaazhp'í]] in [[Verse:Tricin/Txapoalli]]. Sowaazh is a non-configurational polysynthetic language with a complex verbal morphology. | ||
{{PAGENAME}} forms a single dialect continuum and is otherwise an isolate. | {{PAGENAME}} forms a single dialect continuum and is otherwise an isolate. | ||
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Go back to the nontonal Navajo + Polish aesthetic | Go back to the nontonal Navajo + Polish aesthetic | ||
==External history== | ==External history== | ||
Sowaazh is made for a [[Verse:Tricin/Sóol|Japan- and Britain-inspired country]] in Tricin but is intended to be very different from Japanese or English. It is aesthetically inspired mainly by Navajo, and secondarily by Hmong and Vietnamese. On the other hand, its grammar is Inuit-inspired. | |||
==Internal history== | ==Internal history== | ||
The name '' | The name ''Sowaazh'' literally means "good people" (from ''so-'' 'good' + ''waár'', an obsolete root meaning 'people'; some draw a connection to Proto-Quame ''*kwarom''). | ||
Some speculate that {{PAGENAME}} is related to the [[Quame languages]]. | Some speculate that {{PAGENAME}} is related to the [[Quame languages]]. | ||
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
The following describes | The following describes Amisheg (Standard Sowáar) phonology. | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
Amisheg has a large consonant inventory of 36 consonants: | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align:center;" | ||
|+ '''Consonant phonemes in | |+ '''Consonant phonemes in Amisheg''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="width: 136px; "| | ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="width: 136px; "| | ||
! rowspan=2 style="width: 68px; " |Labial | ! rowspan=2 style="width: 68px; " |Labial | ||
! | ! rowspan=2 style="width: 68px; " |Dental | ||
! | ! rowspan=2 style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex | ||
! rowspan=2 style="width: 68px; " |Palatal | ! rowspan=2 style="width: 68px; " |Palatal | ||
! rowspan=2 style="width: 68px; " |Velar | ! rowspan=2 style="width: 68px; " |Velar | ||
! rowspan=2 style="width: 68px; " |Glottal | ! rowspan=2 style="width: 68px; " |Glottal | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="2"| Nasal | !colspan="2"| Nasal | ||
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| '''n''' /n/ | | '''n''' /n/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| '''ny''' /ɲ/ | | '''ny''' /ɲ/ | ||
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! |<small>tenuis</small> | ! |<small>tenuis</small> | ||
| '''b''' /p/ | | '''b''' /p/ | ||
| '''d''' /t/ | | '''d''' /t{{den}}/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''g''' /k/ | | '''g''' /k/ | ||
| ''' ' ''' /ʔ/ | | ''' ' ''' /ʔ/ | ||
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! |<small>aspirated</small> | ! |<small>aspirated</small> | ||
| '''p''' /pʰ/ | | '''p''' /pʰ/ | ||
| '''t''' / | | '''t''' /t{{den}}ʰ/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''k''' /kʰ/ | | '''k''' /kʰ/ | ||
| | | | ||
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! |<small>ejective</small> | ! |<small>ejective</small> | ||
| | | | ||
| '''t'''' / | | '''t'''' /t{{den}}ʼ/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''k'''' /kʼ/ | | '''k'''' /kʼ/ | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" style="" | Affricate | |||
! |<small>tenuis</small> | |||
| | |||
| '''j''' /t{{den}}s{{den}}/ | |||
| '''jh''' /tʂ/ | |||
| '''jy''' /t{{ś}}/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! |<small>aspirated</small> | |||
| | |||
| '''c''' /t{{den}}s{{den}}ʰ/ | |||
| '''ch''' /tʂʰ/ | |||
| '''cy''' /t{{ś}}ʰ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! |<small>ejective</small> | |||
| | |||
| '''c' ''' /t{{den}}s{{den}}ʼ/ | |||
| '''ch' ''' /tʂʼ/ | |||
| '''cy' ''' /t{{ś}}ʼ/ | |||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| | | | ||
| '''s''' /s/ | | '''s''' /s/ | ||
| ''' | | '''sh''' /ʂ/ | ||
| '''sy''' /ɕ/ | |||
| ''' | |||
| '''kh''' /x/ | | '''kh''' /x/ | ||
| '''h''' /h/ | | '''h''' /h/ | ||
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! colspan="2" style="" |Approximant | ! colspan="2" style="" |Approximant | ||
| '''w''' /w/ | | '''w''' /w/ | ||
| '''l''' /l/ | | '''l''' /l/ | ||
| | | | ||
| '''y''' /j/ | | '''y''' /j/ | ||
| | | | ||
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====Notes==== | ====Notes==== | ||
All consonants in | All consonants in Amisheg are long, compared to English and other Sowaazh dialects: with plain stops the hold is longer, with aspirated stops the aspiration is longer, and with affricates the frication is longer. The voice onset time of the aspirated and ejective stops is twice as long as that found in most other languages. | ||
Amisheg retroflexes are subapical (like Tamil retroflexes), unlike retroflexes in other accents. Native speakers describe subapical retroflexes as "posh", "deep" or "dignified". | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
Amisheg has only 4 vowel qualities, although there is phonemic vowel length. | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|+ ''' | |+ '''Amisheg oral vowels''' | ||
! rowspan="2" style=""| | ! rowspan="2" style=""| | ||
! colspan="2" style="" |Front | ! colspan="2" style="" |Front | ||
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===Tone=== | ===Tone=== | ||
Modern | Modern Amisheg has a two-level tone system - every word will have at least one high pitched mora but may have more than one, especially in longer words. A mora with high pitch is marked with an acute accent. | ||
Other | Other Sowaazh lects have different tonal systems or none. For example, the Cyamányeh lect has no tone. | ||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
Sowaazh allows no initial clusters. | |||
===Accents=== | ===Accents=== | ||
:''Main article: [[ | :''Main article: [[Sowaazh/Accents]] | ||
There are two dimensions of linguistic variation in | There are two dimensions of linguistic variation in Sowaazh: | ||
*'''Vocabulary and grammar''': Standard | *'''Vocabulary and grammar''': Standard Sowaazh (''He'aásreg'') and regional dialects. New Urban Sowaazh is a koiné consisting of a mixture of the two, with register changes. | ||
**''He'aásreg'' itself is a mixture of a local dialect and Classical | **''He'aásreg'' itself is a mixture of a local dialect and Classical Sowaazh. | ||
*'''Accent''': Even when speaking Standard | *'''Accent''': Even when speaking Standard Sowaazh (not a regional dialect), one is usually expected to keep a regional accent. Having no regional accent at all is associated with being upper class. An Amisheg speaker will speak in Standard Sowaazh, but the converse is not usually true. | ||
==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||
All varieties of | All varieties of Sowaazh are written in the Sowaazh alphabet, which was originally developed as a phonetic notation system like the IPA. Amisheg spelling is based on Conservative Amisheg. | ||
*no dot: mid tone | *no dot: mid tone | ||
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==Sandhi== | ==Sandhi== | ||
All | All Sowaazh lects have extensive sandhi systems. The following describes Standard Sowaazh sandhi. | ||
===Consonants and vowels=== | ===Consonants and vowels=== | ||
<!-- | <!-- | ||
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==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
:''Main article: [[ | :''Main article: [[Sowaazh/Morphology]]'' | ||
Sowaazh is strongly head-marking, like many indigenous languages of North and Central America. More information is conveyed by verbs than in most other languages. | |||
Sowaazh has a large number of noun-like constructions which appear on the surface to be phrases, but which are fixed in both meaning and morphology. | |||
Example: | Example: | ||
:''''' | :'''''Sowaazh tasr la'dat'oóweyiid''''' | ||
:/sʊ̀wɑ̌:ɻ tʰɑ̀ʂ lɑ̀ʔtɑ̀tʼǔ:wɛ̀jì:t/ | :/sʊ̀wɑ̌:ɻ tʰɑ̀ʂ lɑ̀ʔtɑ̀tʼǔ:wɛ̀jì:t/ | ||
: | :Sowaazh da-hasr la'-da-t'oó-e-iid | ||
: | :Sowaazh 3PL.AN-for "all directions"-3PL.AN-radiate/REG-REG=NOMZ.AN (REG = TAM for "regularly does something, as in a job") | ||
:'' | :''Sowaazh Broadcasting Corporation'' | ||
:Literal translation: "those who regularly send things out in all directions for the | :Literal translation: "those who regularly send things out in all directions for the Sowaazh people" | ||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
===Word order=== | ===Word order=== | ||
Amisheg is non-configurational. Noun phrases are head-final. | |||
===Clitics=== | ===Clitics=== | ||
Most conjunctions obey Wackernagel's law; they come after the first syntactic phrase or the first stressed word in a clause. | Most conjunctions obey Wackernagel's law; they come after the first syntactic phrase or the first stressed word in a clause. | ||
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Examples: | Examples: | ||
*''lisdrój'' /lɪ̀ʂtʂʊ́c/ = 'I love you' > ''lisdrójeh'' /lɪ̀ʂtʂʊ́ceh/ = 'the fact that I love you' | *''lisdrój'' /lɪ̀ʂtʂʊ́c/ = 'I love you' > ''lisdrójeh'' /lɪ̀ʂtʂʊ́ceh/ = 'the fact that I love you' | ||
*''sriilohóokh'' = 'they pile up forming a line' > ''sriilohóokhin'' = (a type of scale used in | *''sriilohóokh'' = 'they pile up forming a line' > ''sriilohóokhin'' = (a type of scale used in Sowaazh music) | ||
==Vocabulary== | ==Vocabulary== | ||
Sowaazh vocabulary is nearly exclusively native. A sparse number of words are from Naquic and Tsimulh languages, and recently, [[Skellan]]. Borrowed words are almost all nouns. | |||
For example: | For example: | ||
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Iña's Moh > Íikhasmoh | Iña's Moh > Íikhasmoh | ||
To abbreviate words, | To abbreviate words, Sowaazh uses clipping. | ||
===Transliterating Skellan=== | ===Transliterating Skellan=== | ||
Consonants: | Consonants: | ||
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==Study by non-native speakers== | ==Study by non-native speakers== | ||
Due to the popularity of | Due to the popularity of Sowaazh pop culture across the globe, Sowaazh is commonly learned by Sowaazhophile otakus. Sowaazh is considered one of the most daunting languages for speakers of most Northern languages, due to its morphological complexity and high degree of diglossia. | ||
==Poetry== | ==Poetry== | ||
Sowaazh poetry uses quantitative meters, like Sanskrit. | |||
(LLLLSLLSSSSSSLLSLLSLL) | (LLLLSLLSSSSSSLLSLLSLL) |
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