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Frenkisch: Difference between revisions
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=== Nouns and Pronouns === | === Nouns and Pronouns === | ||
===== Pronouns ===== | ===== Pronouns ===== | ||
Personal pronouns have forms for singular and plural; first, second and third person, and third person singular pronouns also have feminine, masculine or neuter gender. Personal pronouns have three cases; subjective, objective (a merge of accusative and dative) and possessive (genitive) | Personal pronouns have forms for singular and plural; first, second and third person, and third person singular pronouns also have feminine, masculine or neuter gender. Personal pronouns have three cases; subjective, objective (a merge of accusative and dative) and possessive (genitive). For example '''dou''' (subjective), '''di''' (objective), '''dyn''' (possessive). | ||
===== Nouns ===== | ===== Nouns ===== | ||
There is no inflection for case and nouns have no grammatical gender. Nouns form the plural by adding either a '''-en''' or a '''-s''' suffix -- depending on the stress pattern of the stem. | There is no inflection for case and nouns have no grammatical gender. Nouns form the plural by adding either a '''-en''' or a '''-s''' suffix -- depending on the stress pattern of the stem. | ||
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=== Adjectives and Adverbs === | === Adjectives and Adverbs === | ||
===== Adjectives ===== | ===== Adjectives ===== | ||
Adjectives do not inflect for number, case or gender. The comparative and superlative are formed by adding '''-er''' and '''-est''' to the stem. There are a small number of irregular adjectives that form the superlative and comparative differently | Adjectives do not inflect for number, case or gender. The comparative and superlative are formed by adding '''-er''' and '''-est''' to the stem. There are a small number of irregular adjectives that form the superlative and comparative differently. For example '''goud''' ''good'': comparative '''better'''; superlative '''best'''. | ||
===== Adverbs ===== | ===== Adverbs ===== | ||
Adjectives can be used freely as adverbs without further modification. When it is | Adjectives can be used freely as adverbs without further modification. When it is desirable for clarity to distinguish them, an adjective can be made unambiguously an adverb by adding a '''-wis''' suffix. | ||
=== Verbs === | === Verbs === | ||
Finite verbs inflect for number, but not for person. There is a distinction between verbs of singular subject and of plural subjects. The present plural of verbs is identical to the infinitive. There are some irregular verbs and these have further distinctions in form which are likewise distinguished by number. | Finite verbs inflect for number, but not for person. There is a distinction in inflection between finite verbs of singular subject and of plural subjects. | ||
The present plural of verbs is identical to the infinitive: | |||
'''Swimme''' = ''to swim.'' Present plural: '''De fischen swimme''' = ''The fish are swimming''. The singular plural is simply the verb stem: '''En delfin swimm''' = ''A dolphin is swimming.'' | |||
The past tense of regular verbs is formed by adding -'d, or -'de to the stem. Present: '''sege''' (to say). Past: '''seg'de'''. | |||
There are some irregular verbs and these have further distinctions in form which are likewise distinguished by number: | |||
Plural: '''De fischen kunne swimme''' = ''The fish can swim.'' Singular: '''De delfin kann swimme''' = ''the dolphin can swim''. | |||
There are a large number of strong verbs which are divided into seven ''ablaut'' classes. For example '''binde''' = ''to tie''; past tense '''band-'''; past participle '''bonden'''. | |||
== Text Sample: == | == Text Sample: == | ||