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Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin: Difference between revisions
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* /t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ ʃ/ are not labialized unlike in English. They may be alveolopalatal [t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ ɕ]. | * /t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ ʃ/ are not labialized unlike in English. They may be alveolopalatal [t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ ɕ]. | ||
* ''r'' is most commonly an alveolar or retroflex approximant (not velarized or pharyngealized, so more like Hiberno-English r than American r). The sequences /rn rl rtʰ rt⁼ rt͡sʰ rt͡s⁼ rs/ are realized as retroflex [ɳ ɭ ʈʰ ʈ⁼ ʈ͡ʂʰ ʈ͡ʂ ʂ], even across word boundaries: נאך אפֿשר לעט ''năch efșăr led'' [nəχ efʃə ɭet] 'can't you?' It may also be a retracted alveolar flap [ɾ̠] or trill [r̠]. | * ''r'' is most commonly an alveolar or retroflex approximant (not velarized or pharyngealized, so more like Hiberno-English r than American r). The sequences /rn rl rtʰ rt⁼ rt͡sʰ rt͡s⁼ rs/ are realized as retroflex [ɳ ɭ ʈʰ ʈ⁼ ʈ͡ʂʰ ʈ͡ʂ ʂ], even across word boundaries: נאך אפֿשר לעט ''năch efșăr led'' [nəχ efʃə ɭet] 'can't you?' It may also be a retracted alveolar flap [ɾ̠] or trill [r̠]. | ||
* Stop + fricative clusters are distinct from affricates: some minimal pairs are טשעבאר ''dșevăr'' /tʃevər/ 'sister' and צשעבאר ''ģevăr'' /t͡ʃevər/ 'winter'; תּשי ''tși'' /tʰʃɪ/ '3' and ת׳שי ''c̦i'' /t͡ʃʰɪ/ 'at her'. | * Stop + fricative clusters are distinct from affricates: some minimal pairs are טשעבאר ''dșevăr'' /tʃevər/ 'sister' and צשעבאר ''ģevăr'' /t͡ʃevər/ 'winter'; תּשי ''tși'' /tʰʃɪ/ '3' and ת׳שי ''c̦i'' /t͡ʃʰɪ/ 'at her'. | ||
** /s {{sh}}/ are held longer after aspirated stops after unaspirated stops: קשיען ''gșien'' ['k{{sh}}iən] 'sun', כּשיכנאך ''cșichnăch'' ['k{{sh}}:ɪχnəχ] 'to finish'. | ** /s {{sh}}/ are held longer after aspirated stops after unaspirated stops: קשיען ''gșien'' ['k{{sh}}iən] 'sun', כּשיכנאך ''cșichnăch'' ['k{{sh}}:ɪχnəχ] 'to finish'. After a voiced fricative /ʃ/ is realized as [ʒ]: ''bhșeagh'' /vʒeə/ 'beautiful (f. sg. attr.)'. | ||
* /h/ is always pronounced clearly. It is usually [h~ɦ] but is [ç] after /ɪ/. Word-finally it is always [ħ̞] unless preceded by /ɪ/ | * /h/ is always pronounced clearly. It is usually [h~ɦ] but is [ç] after /ɪ/. Word-finally it is always [ħ̞] unless preceded by /ɪ/ | ||
* /n/ assimilates to [ŋ] before /k kʰ/. | * /n/ assimilates to [ŋ] before /k kʰ/. | ||