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Modern Phrygian: Difference between revisions
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*Like Greek, voiced and aspirated stops were later fricatized. | *Like Greek, voiced and aspirated stops were later fricatized. | ||
*Initial ''w-'' preserved (as ''v-'') except before ''o''. | *Initial ''w-'' preserved (as ''v-'') except before ''o''. | ||
**New ''w'' also became ''v'' (e.g. '''βαίνα''' ''véna'' "hyena" < '''ουαίνα''' ''wéna'' < '''ύαινα''' ''(h)úaina''; ''' | **New ''w'' also became ''v'', or ''f'' after voiceless consonants (e.g. '''βαίνα''' ''véna'' "hyena" < '''ουαίνα''' ''wéna'' < '''ύαινα''' ''(h)úaina''; '''τφω''' ''tfo'' "two" < '''τουω''' ''two'' < '''τύω''' ''túō''). | ||
*''nt'' > ''nn'' | *''nt'' > ''nn'' | ||
*Early palatalization of velars before front vowels to alveolar fricatives. | *Early palatalization of velars before front vowels to alveolar fricatives. | ||
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*Third palatalization of velars adjacent to front vowels to palatals. | *Third palatalization of velars adjacent to front vowels to palatals. | ||
*In obstruent clusters (except for ''s'' + consonant), the second consonant becomes a fricative. | *In obstruent clusters (except for ''s'' + consonant), the second consonant becomes a fricative. | ||
**/ʝ/ and /ç/ (from fricatization of original /i, e/ before other vowels) behaves as an obstruent in this situation, causing a preceding fricative to become a stop. They also become postalveolar after dental stops. | **Earlier /ʝ/ and /ç/ (from fricatization of original /i, e/ before other vowels) behaves as an obstruent in this situation, causing a preceding fricative to become a stop. They also become postalveolar after dental stops. | ||
**This also applies to /f/ and /v/ from fricatization of original /u/ before a vowel. | |||
*Assimilation of ''s'' to following consonant in consonant clusters (except word-initially, where metathesis occurs instead). | *Assimilation of ''s'' to following consonant in consonant clusters (except word-initially, where metathesis occurs instead). | ||
**/ç/ (from fricatization of original /i, e/ after /s/ | **/ç/ (from fricatization of original /i, e/ after /s/ before other vowels) behaves as an obstruent in this situation, becoming a stop /c/. /sc/ then assimilates to /c/ intervocalically, while metathesizing to /kʃ/ initially. | ||
**/f/ (from fricatization of original /u/ in the above positions) similarly becomes a stop /p/, which merges with /s/ intervocalically and metathesizes to /ps/ initially. | |||
*Intervicalic partial voicing of non-geminated voiceless stops. | *Intervicalic partial voicing of non-geminated voiceless stops. | ||
*Voicing of voiceless stops after nasals | *Voicing of voiceless stops after nasals | ||