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Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin: Difference between revisions
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In [[Verse:Irta|Irta]], '''Ăn Yidiș''' (natively אן ייִדיש ''ăn Yidiș'' /ən 'jɪt̪ɪʃ/ [ən 'jɪd̪ɪʃ] or אן אידיש ''ăn Idiș'', historically א | In [[Verse:Irta|Irta]], '''Ăn Yidiș''' (natively אן ייִדיש ''ăn Yidiș'' /ən 'jɪt̪ɪʃ/ [ən 'jɪd̪ɪʃ] or אן אידיש ''ăn Idiș'', historically א קֿאָלצש תּאק נא יידיהּ ''ă Gholģ (tăg nă Yidih)'' /ə 'ʁoltʃ (t̪ʰək nə jit̪ih)/ '(Judeo-)Gaelic'; in-universe Hebrew: יידיש ''yidiš''; in-universe Standard Irish: ''an Īdysı'' /ən̠ʲ ˈiːd̪ˠɪʃ/) is a Goidelic language which is the historical vernacular of the Tsarfati (= our France) Jews (נא צרפֿתיהּ ''nă Zărfósih''). Today it is the main vernacular of major (often Hasidic) Jewish communities in Europe, Britain, Ireland, Canada, the US, Korea and Japan. With over 13 million speakers, ~70% of whom live in North America, it is the second most spoken Celtic language after Irish and the most spoken Jewish language in Irta. Ăn Yidiș is a possible answer to "What if Yiddish were Goidelic?" and is called "Yiddish" (or sometimes "Nithish" /nɪðɪʃ/, "Yithish" or "Ithish") in in-universe English. | ||
Among Ăn Yidiș speakers, Riphean, Hebrew, English and Irish are common second languages (religious Jews learn Hebrew for worship and prayer and Aramaic for study of rabbinic texts such as the Talmud). | Among Ăn Yidiș speakers, Riphean, Hebrew, English and Irish are common second languages (religious Jews learn Hebrew for worship and prayer and Aramaic for study of rabbinic texts such as the Talmud). | ||
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גּ, דּ, ד in Hebrew and Aramaic loans are unaspirated /k/, /t/, /t/. ח in Hebrew loans represents /χ/. | גּ, דּ, ד in Hebrew and Aramaic loans are unaspirated /k/, /t/, /t/. ח in Hebrew loans represents /χ/. | ||
Rafe (רפה ''rofă'') is used for initial lenition: בֿ גֿ | Rafe (רפה ''rofă'') is used for initial lenition: בֿ גֿ צֿש דֿ צֿ טֿ כֿ מֿ פּֿ פֿ ת' ת'ש קֿ תֿ for bh gh ģh dh zh dh ch mh sh ph fh țh c̦h gh th /v ʁ j ʁ j h x v h f 0 h ʃ x h/ | ||
/j/ between two vowels is written יי. | /j/ between two vowels is written יי. | ||
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===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
Ăn Yidiș has lost most older finite verb forms, and only the verbal noun, the passive participle, and the imperative survive in most contexts. The imperative is on the way out in modern Ăn Yidiș and is being replaced by ă(g) + VN! or ney + VN! which marks aspect but not number, unlike the old imperative. | Ăn Yidiș has lost most older finite verb forms, and only the verbal noun, the passive participle, and the imperative survive in most contexts. The imperative is on the way out in modern Ăn Yidiș and is being replaced by ă(g) + VN! or ney + VN! which marks aspect but not number, unlike the old imperative. | ||
:{{heb|תּאָ מי א ל׳אַסאך א כֿאנ'אל' חנוּכּה | :{{heb|תּאָ מי א ל׳אַסאך א כֿאנ'אל' חנוּכּה תּאצש אנאף}} | ||
:'''''To mi ă łasăch ă chăņăł Chanică tăģ ănăf.''' | :'''''To mi ă łasăch ă chăņăł Chanică tăģ ănăf.''' | ||
:be.PRES 1SG PRES to_light.VN DEF candle Hanukkah of tonight | :be.PRES 1SG PRES to_light.VN DEF candle Hanukkah of tonight | ||
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** אן קאוואר ''ăn găvăr'' 'the goat' | ** אן קאוואר ''ăn găvăr'' 'the goat' | ||
** אן צשאָנארט ''ăn c̦onărd'' 'the leader' | ** אן צשאָנארט ''ăn c̦onărd'' 'the leader' | ||
** אן | ** אן צשאָל׳ ''ăn ģoł'' 'the game' | ||
** אן תּלמיד ''ăn talmid'' 'the pupil' (אן תּלמוד ''ăn Talmid'' 'the Talmud' is homophonous) | ** אן תּלמיד ''ăn talmid'' 'the pupil' (אן תּלמוד ''ăn Talmid'' 'the Talmud' is homophonous) | ||
** אן טאָן ''ăn don'' 'the (Ăn Yidiș) folk song' | ** אן טאָן ''ăn don'' 'the (Ăn Yidiș) folk song' | ||
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''Ină'' (which lenites) for predicate adjectives is used after longer noun phrases: | ''Ină'' (which lenites) for predicate adjectives is used after longer noun phrases: | ||
: {{Heb|תּאָ אן סטוֹא | : {{Heb|תּאָ אן סטוֹא תּאצש א כֿרינ׳א מֿאָראַל'תּא אינא פֿאַטא.}} | ||
: '''''To ăn sdua tăģ ă chriņă mhoráłtă ină fhadă.''''' | : '''''To ăn sdua tăģ ă chriņă mhoráłtă ină fhadă.''''' | ||
:''The arc of the moral universe is long.'' | :''The arc of the moral universe is long.'' | ||
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*# סמאָאס ''smoas'' (pl) 'tears of joy', דמעות ''dmoas'' 'tears (from Hebrew)' | *# סמאָאס ''smoas'' (pl) 'tears of joy', דמעות ''dmoas'' 'tears (from Hebrew)' | ||
*# שמחה ''simchă'' (f) 'good news, celebration (from Hebrew 'joy')', טימכא ''dimchă'' (f) 'mourning, tragedy' | *# שמחה ''simchă'' (f) 'good news, celebration (from Hebrew 'joy')', טימכא ''dimchă'' (f) 'mourning, tragedy' | ||
*# | *# טאשצשעל׳ ''Dășģeł'' (m) (obsolete, pejorative) 'Christianity', from MIr ''soiscéul'' 'Gospel' | ||
* ''-ol'': older verbalizer | * ''-ol'': older verbalizer | ||
* (something from Hivantish) + -ăch, -ih: most productive verbalizer | * (something from Hivantish) + -ăch, -ih: most productive verbalizer | ||
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: If I am not for me, who is for me? But if I am only for myself, what am I? And if not now, when? | : If I am not for me, who is for me? But if I am only for myself, what am I? And if not now, when? | ||
: תּאָ נא ה-אילא חיות כּאוו-איענאן, אך תּא כּיז נא חיות נאס-כּאוו-איענאנא. (אס "אן תּוֹאהּ | : תּאָ נא ה-אילא חיות כּאוו-איענאן, אך תּא כּיז נא חיות נאס-כּאוו-איענאנא. (אס "אן תּוֹאהּ תּאצש נא חיות") | ||
: ''To nă h-ilă chayăs căv-íenăn, ăch to ciz nă chayăs năs-căv-íenănă.'' (''ăs "Ăn Tuah tăģ nă Chayăs"'') | : ''To nă h-ilă chayăs căv-íenăn, ăch to ciz nă chayăs năs-căv-íenănă.'' (''ăs "Ăn Tuah tăģ nă Chayăs"'') | ||
: All animals are equal, but some are more equal than others. (from ''Animal Farm'') | : All animals are equal, but some are more equal than others. (from ''Animal Farm'') | ||
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{{rtl|{{Heb|כֿנעל מי נִכְֿנָע לעֶש אְן קל׳אַסאג | {{rtl|{{Heb|כֿנעל מי נִכְֿנָע לעֶש אְן קל׳אַסאג אְצש כּרעין אְ תחוּשה קֿראָ סזעֶך טאְ נא קְבָֿרוֹת.}}}} | ||
{{rtl|{{Heb|תּ-עֶ מאְר שאַ איס בּי עֶ מאְר שאַ, אָר וו עֶ מאְר שאַ, אוֹ זְמָנִים רוֹ כֿיוונאְ;}}}} | {{rtl|{{Heb|תּ-עֶ מאְר שאַ איס בּי עֶ מאְר שאַ, אָר וו עֶ מאְר שאַ, אוֹ זְמָנִים רוֹ כֿיוונאְ;}}}} | ||
{{rtl|{{Heb|תּ-איעט אין אְ פאַל׳אוו איסצעֶך טאְן שאול, נאְ שכלים ה־עֶקני ה-אלאְ. ר׳י כְּתָֿרוֹת}}}} | {{rtl|{{Heb|תּ-איעט אין אְ פאַל׳אוו איסצעֶך טאְן שאול, נאְ שכלים ה־עֶקני ה-אלאְ. ר׳י כְּתָֿרוֹת}}}} | ||