User:Aleisi Galan/Sabian-Evolution: Difference between revisions

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Main Page: [[user:Aleisi Galan]]
Main Page: [[user:Aleisi Galan]]
This page covers the potential evolution of a Polish-Carpathian based Romance language with a large amount of Slavic influence and a divergent evolution both in vocabulary and grammar. It covers the evolution in stages, with both the phonological and morphological covered.
This page covers the evolution of a Polish-Carpathian based Romance language with a large amount of Slavic influence and a divergent evolution both in vocabulary and grammar. It covers the evolution in stages, with both the phonological and morphological covered.
= Phonological Evolution of Sabian=
= Phonological Evolution of Sabian=


Line 34: Line 34:
| c, ch
| c, ch
| t͡ʃ
| t͡ʃ
| before front vowels
| word initially, before front vowels
|-
| g
| z
| front vowels
|-
|-
| p, b, t, d, c, m
| p, b, t, d, c, m
| Ø
| Ø
| word finally
| word finally
|-
| Vns, Vs
| V:
| word finally
|-
| Vns
| V:s
| else
|-
|-
| pr, br, tr, dr, cr, gr
| pr, br, tr, dr, cr, gr
Line 56: Line 44:
| polysyllabic
| polysyllabic
|-
|-
| b
| p, b
| v
| v
| intervocalically
| intervocalically, p-sporadic
|-
|-
| sp, st, sk
| sp, st, sk
Line 169: Line 157:
|-
|-
| ū
| ū
| vy
| word initially
| back
|-
| ū
| y
| else
| back
|-
|}
===Vowel Raising===
{| style="background-color:#F0F0F0;width:60%"
|-
! colspan="60%"|<i>Proto-Slavic to Proto-Sabian</i>
|-
|- style="background-color:#C0C0C0;"
! style="width:20%" | entry
! style="width:20%" | result
! style="width:40%" | condition (I/A)
! style="width:20%" | category
|-
| a
| ä
| when raised
| back
|-
| e
| i
| when raised
| front
|-
| i
| i:
| when raised
| treated as i
|-
| o
| ö
| when raised
| front
|-
| u
| u
| all
| ü
| when raised
| back
| back
|-
|-
Line 184: Line 215:
! style="width:20%" | result
! style="width:20%" | result
! style="width:40%" | condition (I/A)
! style="width:40%" | condition (I/A)
! style="width:20%" | category
|-
|-
| z
| z
| s
| s
| all, ! intervocalic
| all, ! intervocalic
| devoicing
|-
|-
| ž
| ž
| d͡z
| d͡z
| all
| all
| affricatisation
|-
|-
| ť, ď
| ť, ď
| t͡s, d͡z
| t͡s, d͡z
| all
| all
| affricatisation
|-
|-
| x
| x
| s
| s
| all
| all
|
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 275: Line 301:
|-
|-
| uo, uu
| uo, uu
| u
| u  
| all
| all, <ó>
| back
| back
|-
|-
Line 352: Line 378:
| front
| front
|-
|-
| e, ě, i, ь
| e, ě, i, ь, ö
| je, jě, ji, jь
| je, jě, ji, jь, jö
| after all consonants
| after all consonants
| front
| front
Line 368: Line 394:
! style="width:20%" | result
! style="width:20%" | result
! style="width:60%" | condition (I/A)
! style="width:60%" | condition (I/A)
|-
| vě
| gia
| initial
|-
| plV
| giV
| initial
|-
| Vns, Vs
| V:, Vʃ
| word finally
|-
| Vns
| V:s
| else
|-
|-
| sp st sk
| sp st sk
Line 384: Line 426:
| n(j), nj
| n(j), nj
| all, ! final
| all, ! final
|-
| l
| r
| intervocalically
|-
|-
| pt, bt, kt
| pt, bt, kt
| t, t, t͡s
| t, t, x(t)
| all
| all
|-
|-
Line 531: Line 569:
|-
|-
| kj, gj
| kj, gj
| t͡s, d͡z
| t͡ʃ, d͡z
| before front vowels and/or j
| all
|-
|-
| tj, dj
| tj, dj
Line 550: Line 588:
| all
| all
|-
|-
|}
==Early-Modern-Sabian to Modern-Sabian: 1600 AD - ~2000 AD==
===Vowels===
{| style="background-color:#F0F0F0;width:60%"
|-
! colspan="60%"|<i>Old-Sabian to Early-Modern-Sabian</i>
|-
|- style="background-color:#C0C0C0;"
! style="width:20%" | entry
! style="width:20%" | result
! style="width:40%" | condition (I/A)
! style="width:20%" | category
|-
| e, e:
| o, o:
| before hard alveolars
| back
|-
| ę, ę:
| e, e:
| all
| front
|-
| ǫ:
| u:
| all
| back
|-
| ǫ
| e
| all
| front
|-
| y, y:
| i, i:
| all
| front
|-
| ë, ë:
| e, e:
| all
| front
|-
| ä, ä:
| ɛ, ɛ:
| all
| front
|-
| ö, ö:
| ɛ, ɛ:
| all
| front
|-
| ü, ü:
| i, i:
| all
| front
|-
|}
===Vowel-Laxing===
{| style="background-color:#F0F0F0;width:60%"
|-
! colspan="60%"|<i>Old-Sabian to Early-Modern-Sabian</i>
|-
|- style="background-color:#C0C0C0;"
! style="width:20%" | entry
! style="width:20%" | result
! style="width:40%" | condition (I/A)
! style="width:20%" | category
|-
| V
| V:
| open-stressed and/or monosyllabic
| front
|-
| a:, a
| a:, ɐ
| all
| back
|-
| ɐ
| a
| stressed
| back
|-
| e:, e
| e:, ɛ
| all
| front
|-
| i:, i
| i:, ɪ
| all
| back
|-
| o:, o
| o:, ɔ
| all
| front
|-
| u:, u
| u:, ʊ
| all
| front
|-
| V:
| V
| before clusters, afficates
| front
|-
|}
===Consonants and Clusters===
{| style="background-color:#F0F0F0;width:60%"
|-
! colspan="60%"|<i>Early-Modern-Sabian to Modern-Sabian</i>
|-
|- style="background-color:#C0C0C0;"
! style="width:20%" | entry
! style="width:20%" | result
! style="width:60%" | condition (I/A)
|-
| nasals
| assimilate
| all
|-
| C(voiced)C(voiceless)
| C(voiceless)C(voiceless)
| all
|-
| C(voiceless)C(voiced)
| C(voiceless)C(voiced)
| all
|-
| C(voiced)
| C(voiceless)
| word finally
|-
| C(regular)C(palatal)
| C(palatal)C(palatal)
| all
|-
| clusters
| simplify
| sporadically
|-
| kv, gv
| sf
| all
|-
| (affricate)S
| (fricative)S
| all
|-
| l, ɫ, v
| w
| coda
|-
| ʂ, ʐ
| ʃ, ʒ
| all
|-
| s
| Ø
| finally, lengthen previous vowel
|-
|}
= Phonology and Orthography of Sabian=
The phonology and orthography of Modern-Sabian as finalised in the year 1934 after a period of standardisation following the end of WW1. The 1934 orthography effectively served to regularise the mediaeval spellings of Sabian words, in turn based off of mediaeval Polish, and as such is similar to modern Polish orthography while retaining many archaic features that have since been lost elsewhere.
===Consonant Phonology===
* The consonant on the left is "hard", while the consonant on the right is "soft". If only one consonant is present, it is probably only soft.
{| style="background-color:#F0F0F0;width:60%"
|-
! colspan="60%"|<i>Phonology of Modern-Sabian</i>
|-
|- style="background-color:#C0C0C0;"
! colspan="1" | Category
! style="width:15%" | bilabial
! style="width:15%" | alveolar
! style="width:15%" | palato-alveolar
! style="width:15%" | post-alveolar
! style="width:15%" | velar
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | nasal
| m (mʲ)
| n (ɲ)
| ɲ
|
| (ŋ)
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v+plosive
| b (bʲ)
| d (d͡ʑ)
|
|
| g (d͡z)
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v-plosive
| p (pʲ)
| t (t͡ɕ)
|
|
| k (t͡s)
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v+affricate
|
| d͡z (d͡ʑ)
| d͡ʑ
| (d͡ʒ)
|  
|  
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v-affricate
|  
|  
| t͡s (t͡ɕ)
| t͡ɕ
| t͡ʃ
|  
|  
|-
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v+fricative
| v (vʲ)
| (z) (ʑ)
| (ʑ)
| (ʒ) (ʑ)
| (ɣ) (ʝ)
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v-fricative
| f (fʲ)
| s (ɕ)
| ɕ
| ʃ
| x (ç)
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | rh/app/lat
|  
|  
| r (ʃ), l~w (ʎ)
| ʎ, j
|  
|  
|  
|  
|-
|-
|}
===Consonant Orthography===
{| style="background-color:#F0F0F0;width:60%"
|-
! colspan="60%"|<i>Orthography of Modern-Sabian</i>
|-
|- style="background-color:#C0C0C0;"
! colspan="1" | Category
! style="width:15%" | bilabial
! style="width:15%" | alveolar
! style="width:15%" | palato-alveolar
! style="width:15%" | post-alveolar
! style="width:15%" | velar
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | nasal
| m (mi)
| n (ni)
| ń (ni)
|
| n
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v+plosive
| b (bi)
| d (dzi)
|  
|  
|
| g (gi)
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v-plosive
| p (pi)
| t (zi)
|  
|  
|
| k, c (cz)
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v+affricate
|
| dz (dzi)
| dź (dzi)
| (cz)
|
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v-affricate
|
| z (zi)
| ź (zi)
| cz
|  
|  
|-
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v+fricative
| v, w<sup>2</sup>
| (s)<sup>1</sup>
| ś<sup>1</sup> (si)
| (rz)<sup>1</sup>
| (ch)<sup>1</sup> (chi)
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v-fricative
| f
| s (si), ss (ssi)
| ś (si)
| rz, sz, sch<sup>2</sup>
| ch (chi)
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | rh/app/lat
|  
|  
| r, ł
| l, j (i)
|  
|  
|  
|  
|-
|-
|}
|}
# these voiced consonants are allohphones of their voiceless counterparts, and so are written as though they are voiceless.
# v, sz, rz are used for native words, and w, sch are used for loans from Polish and German in most cases except loans that have been nativised
# rz is used if the [ʃ] comes from [rʲ], while sz and sch are used in all other situations.
# as /s/ becomes [z] between vowels, the sequence /ss/ is used to represent [s] between vowels
===Vowel Phonology===
{| style="background-color:#F0F0F0;width:60%"
|-
! colspan="100%"|<i>Phonology of Modern-Sabian</i>
|-
|- style="background-color:#C0C0C0;"
! colspan="1" | Category
!
! style="width:7%" | front
! style="width:7%" |
! style="width:7%" |
! style="width:7%" | central
! style="width:7%" |
! style="width:7%" |
! style="width:7%" | back
! style="width:7%" |
|-
|- style="background-color:#C0C0C0;"
! colspan="1" | Laxness
! style="width:4%" | long
! style="width:4%" | tense
! style="width:4%" | lax
! style="width:4%" | long
! style="width:4%" | tense
! style="width:4%" | lax
! style="width:4%" | long
! style="width:4%" | tense
! style="width:4%" | lax
|-
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | high
| i:
| i
| ɪ
|
|
|
| u:
| u
| ʊ
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | mid
| e:
| e
|
|
|
| (ə)
| o:
| o
|
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | mid-low
| ɛ:
| ɛ
| ɛ
|
|
|
| ɔ:
| ɔ
| ɔ
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | low
|
|
|
| a:
| a
| ɐ
|
|
|
|}
===Vowel Orthography===
{| style="background-color:#F0F0F0;width:60%"
|-
! colspan="100%"|<i>Orthography of Modern-Sabian</i>
|-
|- style="background-color:#C0C0C0;"
! colspan="1" | Category
! style="width:21%" | front
! style="width:21%" | central
! style="width:21%" | back
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | high
| i, y
|aa
| u, ó
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | mid
| e
| (e, a)
| o
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | mid-low
| e, ä, ai
|
| o, au
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | low
|
| a
|
|}
* the sequences [ɔn], [ɔ:n] and [ɛn], [ɛ:n] can be written as /ą/ and /ę/ respectively if they originate from Polish or German.
* for sequences of two vowels that occur in diaresis, a (silent) -h- is inserted between them, providing that they are the same vowel, e.g. /gé:.ɛ/ <gehe>
Aleisi Galan
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