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Lemizh: Difference between revisions
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Compounding Rule Three etc.
Anypodetos (talk | contribs) (Partitive/qualitative examples; inversion, omitting objects; exactly one sender, ...) |
Anypodetos (talk | contribs) (Compounding Rule Three etc.) |
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|notice = IPA | |notice = IPA | ||
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'''Lemizh''' (<span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[Help:IPA|[lεmˈiʒ]]]</span>, <small>native pronunciation:</small> <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[Help:IPA|[lɛmˈɯ̀ʒ]]]</span>) is a language I invented with the aim of creating a grammar as regular and simple as possible. It was originally intended as an [[w:International auxiliary language|international auxiliary language]]. However, it turned out that a simple grammar is not necessarily a grammar that is easy to learn: the more ways of simplification I found, the further away it moved from [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] and probably all other familiar language structures. Expecting anyone to learn Lemizh, at this point, would be | '''Lemizh''' (<span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[Help:IPA|[lεmˈiʒ]]]</span>, <small>native pronunciation:</small> <span style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[Help:IPA|[lɛmˈɯ̀ʒ]]]</span>) is a language I invented with the aim of creating a grammar as regular and simple as possible. It was originally intended as an [[w:International auxiliary language|international auxiliary language]]. However, it turned out that a simple grammar is not necessarily a grammar that is easy to learn: the more ways of simplification I found, the further away it moved from [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] and probably all other familiar language structures. Expecting anyone to learn Lemizh, at this point, would be unrealistic. | ||
So I needed a new justification for the language: enter the Lemizh, a people living to the west and north of the [[w:Black Sea|Black Sea]] in an alternate history that slowly drifted away from ours between two and eight millennia ago. Of course, it is extremely unlikely that they would speak a language that was completely without exceptions. To be precise, the chances are two to the power of two hundred and seventy-six thousand seven hundred and nine to one against. But they say that everything has to happen somewhere in the Multiverse. And everything happens only once. | So I needed a new justification for the language: enter the Lemizh, a people living to the west and north of the [[w:Black Sea|Black Sea]] in an alternate history that slowly drifted away from ours between two and eight millennia ago. Of course, it is extremely unlikely that they would speak a language that was completely without exceptions. To be precise, the chances are two to the power of two hundred and seventy-six thousand seven hundred and nine to one against. But they say that everything has to happen somewhere in the Multiverse. And everything happens only once. | ||
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! Inner factive !! Inner nominative !! Inner accusative !! Inner dative !! Inner consecutive | ! Inner factive !! Inner nominative !! Inner accusative !! Inner dative !! Inner consecutive | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''làbdh.'' "to whiten something, to make something white" || ''lèbdh.'' "one whitening something" || ''lỳbdh.'' "a white thing; '''white'''" || ''lìbdh.'' "a thing made white; whitened" || ''lìlbdh.'' "the consequence of whitening = whiteness" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''gmrà.'' "to warm, to make something warm" || ''gmrè.'' "one warming something" || ''gmrỳ.'' "a warm thing; '''warm'''" || ''gmrì.'' "a warmed thing; warmed" || ''gmrìl.'' "the consequence of warming = warmth" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''dwà.'' "to make two things/individuals" || ''dwè.'' "one making two things" || ''dwỳ.'' "'''two''' (things)" || ''dwì.'' "something made into two (things)" || ''dwìl.'' "the consequence of making two things = twoness" | | ''dwà.'' "to make two things/individuals" || ''dwè.'' "one making two things" || ''dwỳ.'' "'''two''' (things)" || ''dwì.'' "something made into two (things)" || ''dwìl.'' "the consequence of making two things = twoness" | ||
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* Seven: The modifier has a higher degree of reality than the head. Therefore, the above compound does not claim that she actually eats. | * Seven: The modifier has a higher degree of reality than the head. Therefore, the above compound does not claim that she actually eats. | ||
'''Rule Three. Regarding all outward relations, cases refer to the head.''' | '''Rule Three. Regarding all outward relations, cases''' (i.e. the compound's inner case [not to be confused with its epenthetic case], the outer cases of its objects, and cases of pronouns referring to it) '''refer to the head.''' | ||
{| | |||
|- | |||
| {{Interlinear|indent=3|display-messages=no|ablist=FACT:factive case; 1:first level; 2:second level | |||
|adhkmàr mlỳdhy. | |||
|eat-FACT-allow-LOC-1 sweet-ACC-ACC-2. | |||
|''a place where one may eat sweets; a place for eating sweets''}} | |||
| {{Interlinear|indent=3|display-messages=no|ablist=FACT:factive case; 1:first level; 2:second level | |||
|ngengadàxt fỳta. | |||
|run-FACT-must-FACT-1 fast-ACC-FACT-1 | |||
|''[He] has to run fast.''}} | |||
|} | |||
These examples talk about the location of eating, as opposed to the location of allowing; about eating sweets, as opposed to allowing sweets; the running is fast, as opposed to the necessity; etc. | |||
Number and gender of [[#Nouns|nouns]] are compounds from brackets: ''mlỳ dèy.'' "several individuals, [which are] givers" ⇒ ''demlè.'' "givers". The inner nominative (''-e-'') becomes the epenthetic case, and the new inner case also has to be a nominative per Rule Three. ''deml'''ỳ'''.'' ({{sc|acc}}), by contrast, is "something given by several people". | |||
… | Compounds expressing degrees of [[#Adjectives and numerals|adjectives]] are also formed from brackets. They have an epenthetic consecutive (''-il-''), which stems from the corresponding abstract noun: ''dmỳ gmrìly.'' "much warmth" ⇒ ''gmrildmìl.'' "heat" (abstract noun formed with inner {{sc|cons}}), ''gmrildmỳ.'' "hot" (adjective with inner {{sc|acc}}). | ||
Tense … | |||
==Example text== | ==Example text== | ||