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Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin: Difference between revisions
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* Initial ''n'' is dental; initial ''l'' is alveolar. Otherwise ''n l'' are alveolar unless they assimilate (e.g. in the case of n before ''t d s'') or retroflex (when following ''r''). | * Initial ''n'' is dental; initial ''l'' is alveolar. Otherwise ''n l'' are alveolar unless they assimilate (e.g. in the case of n before ''t d s'') or retroflex (when following ''r''). | ||
* /t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ ʃ/ are not labialized unlike in English. They may be alveolopalatal [t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ ɕ]. | * /t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ ʃ/ are not labialized unlike in English. They may be alveolopalatal [t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ ɕ]. | ||
* ''r'' is most commonly an alveolar or retroflex approximant (not velarized or pharyngealized, so more like Hiberno-English r than American r). The sequences /rn rl rtʰ rt⁼ rt͡sʰ rt͡s⁼ rs/ are realized as retroflex [ɳ ɭ ʈʰ ʈ⁼ ʈ͡ʂʰ ʈ͡ʂ ʂ], even across word boundaries: נאך אפֿשר לעט ''năch efșăr led'' [nəχ efʃə ɭet] 'can't you?' | * ''r'' is most commonly an alveolar or retroflex approximant (not velarized or pharyngealized, so more like Hiberno-English r than American r). It may also be a retracted alveolar flap [ɾ̠] or trill [r̠]. | ||
** The sequences /rn rl rtʰ rt⁼ rt͡sʰ rt͡s⁼ rs/ are realized as retroflex [ɳ ɭ ʈʰ ʈ⁼ ʈ͡ʂʰ ʈ͡ʂ ʂ], even across word boundaries: נאך אפֿשר לעט ''năch efșăr led'' [nəχ efʃə ɭet] 'can't you?' | |||
* Stop + fricative clusters are distinct from affricates: some minimal pairs are טשעוואר ''dșevăr'' /tʃevər/ 'sister' and צשעוואר ''ģevăr'' /t͡ʃevər/ 'winter'; תּשי ''tși'' /tʰʃɪ/ '3' and ת׳שי ''c̦i'' /t͡ʃʰɪ/ 'at her'. | * Stop + fricative clusters are distinct from affricates: some minimal pairs are טשעוואר ''dșevăr'' /tʃevər/ 'sister' and צשעוואר ''ģevăr'' /t͡ʃevər/ 'winter'; תּשי ''tși'' /tʰʃɪ/ '3' and ת׳שי ''c̦i'' /t͡ʃʰɪ/ 'at her'. | ||
** /s {{sh}}/ are held longer after aspirated stops after unaspirated stops: קשיען ''gșien'' ['k{{sh}}iən] 'sun', כּשיכנאך ''cșichnăch'' ['k{{sh}}:ɪχnəχ] 'to finish'. After a voiced fricative /ʃ/ is realized as [ʒ]: ''bhșeagh'' /vʒeəʁ/ 'beautiful (f. sg. attr.)'. | ** /s {{sh}}/ are held longer after aspirated stops after unaspirated stops: קשיען ''gșien'' ['k{{sh}}iən] 'sun', כּשיכנאך ''cșichnăch'' ['k{{sh}}:ɪχnəχ] 'to finish'. After a voiced fricative /ʃ/ is realized as [ʒ]: ''bhșeagh'' /vʒeəʁ/ 'beautiful (f. sg. attr.)'. | ||