375
edits
Daùnare: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
→Verbs
(→Nouns) |
(→Verbs) |
||
| Line 1,178: | Line 1,178: | ||
The default/unmarked mood is the positive declarative indicative; other moods are expressed through modal particles, for which see below ([[#Modal particles|→Particles § Modal particles]]) | The default/unmarked mood is the positive declarative indicative; other moods are expressed through modal particles, for which see below ([[#Modal particles|→Particles § Modal particles]]) | ||
==== Voice ==== | |||
: ''See also: [[#Voice apophony|→Morphophonology of verbs § Voice apophony]]'' | |||
Daùnare has three "primary" voices, which are indicated through apophony on verbs. As an ergative-absolutive language, Daùnare does not feature an active voice but rather a '''primary''' voice, in which the argument of an intransitive verb is equivalent to the patient of a transitive verb; i.e., in ambitransitive verbs, the transitive use in the primary voice will omit the agent (like the passive voice of a nominative-accusative language), not the patient. | |||
To omit the patient instead (like one in the active voice of a nominative-accusative language), the '''antipassive''' voice can be used, called such because it effectively achieves the reverse of what a passive voice achieves in a nominative-accusative language. Some verbs do not have an antipassive form; these are termed ''defective'' verbs. Conversely, some verbs only have an antipassive form, and these verbs are termed ''deponent'' verbs. | |||
The '''middle voice''', with the exception of a few specific verbs, only normally occurs intransitively. It generally indicates reciprocity, reflexivity, or volition. | |||
Besides these "primary" voices, there exist two prefixes, the '''applicative''' ⟨do-⟩, which promotes the dative object of a verb to be its patient, and the '''diapplicative''' ⟨ro-⟩, which does the same thing with the ablative object. The prefixes can combine with either the primary stem to create the applicative and diapplicative voices, or with the middle stem to create the '''medioapplicative''' and '''mediodiapplicative'''. However, it is worth noting that many verbs lack some or all of these forms, which is why these latter four voices are not regarded as "primary". | |||
Nonetheless, in total, Daùnare can therefore be said to feature seven voices. | |||
==== Converb and pro-verb ==== | |||
: ''See also: [[#Converbal agreement|Nouns § Converbal agreement]] | |||
The converb and pro-verb ⟨pes⟩ fulfills the function of a converb when suffixed to another verb root, and that of a pro-verb (akin to English "do" or "do so") when used independently. For example: | |||
<span style="color:#ff0000;">Add examples!</span> | |||
===Adjectives=== | ===Adjectives=== | ||