Idavic languages: Difference between revisions

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Idavic languages (view source)

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| name        = Idavic
| name        = Idavic
| familycolor = dodellic
| familycolor = dodellic
| family      = One of Tricin's primary language families
| family      = One of [[Tricin]]'s primary language families
| protoname  = Proto-Idavic (PId)
| protoname  = Proto-Idavic (PId)
}}
}}


'''Idavic''' or '''Idavo-Etalocian''' is a Trician language family which includes Dodellic.
'''Idavic''' (from reconstructed Proto-Idavic ''*ʔidawi'' 'person') is a Trician language family which includes Dodellic.
The urheimat is central-western Etalocin.
The urheimat is central-western Etalocin. Proto-Idavic is inspired by Proto-Hebrew and Proto-Balto-Slavic.
 
Inspiration: Semitic, IE


Proto-Idavic grammar was very similar to that of Classical [[Netagin]]. Modern Idavic languages native to Etalocin have various typologies depending on the sprachbund.
Proto-Idavic grammar was very similar to that of Classical [[Netagin]]. Modern Idavic languages native to Etalocin have various typologies depending on the sprachbund.
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==Family tree==
==Family tree==
*Idavic
*Idavic
** A language with Uralic grammar
**Netagic (the only tricons branch)
**Netagic (the only tricons branch)
***[[Netagin]] (Optimized for piyyutim)
***[[Netagin]] (Optimized for piyyutim)
** [[Siro]]
** Hmoob-like language
**[[Ouřefr]] (Czech + Dutch)
** [[Whitmer]]
** [[Eodlan]] (Skolt Sami and Old English inspired)
** [[Pategian]]
**Pategic
***Dodellic
****[[Dodellian]]
*** sth with Sanskrit stops (but vowels shouldn't be Sanskrit-y; a bit more like Lithuanian?)
***[[Pategian]]
*** some labialless language
*** [[Shalaian]]


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
=== Consonants ===
=== Consonants ===
Proto-Idavic had about 26 consonants and had a distinction between front and back coronals and front and back velars.
Proto-Idavic had about 28 consonants and had a distinction between front and back coronals and front and back velars.


{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 500px; "
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 500px; "
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! |Back coronal
! |Back coronal
! |Front velar
! |Front velar
! |Labiovelar
! |Back velar
! |Back velar
! |Glottal
! |Glottal
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| |'''m''' /m/
| |'''m''' /m/
|colspan=2|'''n''' /n̪~n̠/
|colspan=2|'''n''' /n̪~n̠/
|colspan=2|'''ŋ''' /ɲ~ŋ/
|colspan=3|'''ŋ''' /ɲ~ŋ/
| |
| |
|-
|-
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|'''ť''' /t̠/
|'''ť''' /t̠/
|'''ḱ''' /k̟/
|'''ḱ''' /k̟/
|'''k{{lab}}''' /k{{lab}}/
|'''k''' /k̠/
|'''k''' /k̠/
|'''ʔ''' /ʔ/
|'''ʔ''' /ʔ/
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|'''ď''' /d̠/
|'''ď''' /d̠/
|'''ǵ''' /g̟/
|'''ǵ''' /g̟/
|'''g{{lab}}''' /g{{lab}}/
|'''g''' /g̠/
|'''g''' /g̠/
|
|
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|'''š''' /s̠/
|'''š''' /s̠/
|'''x́''' /x̟/
|'''x́''' /x̟/
|'''x{{lab}}''' /x{{lab}}/
|'''x''' /x̠/
|'''x''' /x̠/
|'''h''' /h/
|
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Affricate
! colspan="2" |Affricate
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|'''c''' /t̪s̟/
|'''c''' /t̪s̟/
|'''č''' /t̠s̠/
|'''č''' /t̠s̠/
|
|
|
|
|
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| '''y''' /j/
| '''y''' /j/
|  
|  
|
|
|
|}
|}
'''s c''' were lamino-dental, and '''š č''' were retracted apico-alveolar.
'''s c''' were lamino-dental, and '''š č''' were retracted apico-alveolar.
In PId triliteral roots,  front coronal stops and back coronal stops could not occur next to each other, and neither could front velars, back velars and labiovelars stops (hopefully then the roots would sound less Semitic).


=== Vowels ===
=== Vowels ===
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| '''ā''' /ɑ:/
| '''ā''' /ɑ:/
|}
|}
Diphthongs: ay aw ey ew
Diphthongs: ay aw ey ew /ɑj ɑw ɛj ɛw/


===Suprasegmentals ===
===Suprasegmentals ===
*Pitch accent: modal ('''á'''), creaky ('''ã''')
** Creaky voice is the source of glottal reinforcement in Shalaian, gemination in Netagin and Khmerization in Eodlan.


==Morphology==
==Morphology==
Triconsonantal but only Netagin preserves this
Triconsonantal but only Netagin preserves this


active vs stative verbs turns into agent-oriented vs patient oriented in Netagin, but turns into tense in other Idavic languages
Intransitive and transitive forms turn into agent-oriented vs patient oriented in Netagin; most other Idavic languages retain only one of the intransitive and transitive forms.
 
Proto-Idavic had only one true preposition, ''*mi''. Other meanings expressed with prepositions in English were indicated with verbs.
=== Pronouns ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
!| ||  1sg || 2sg ||  3sg  ||  1pl || 2pl || 3pl
|-
! Independent
| ''*wēlu'' || ''*wēbu'' || ''-'' || ''*wēći'' || ''*wēnīʔi'' || ''-''
|-
! Emphatic
| ''*hanlī'' || ''*hanbā'' || (demonstratives) || ''*hanćā''  || ''*hannīʔi'' || (demonstratives)
|-
! Alienable
| ''*le-'' || ''*be-'' || ''*ʔin-'' || ''*će-'' || ''*neś-'' || ''*ʔeś-''
|-
! Inalienable
| ''*-alu'' || ''*-abu'' || ''*-ī'' || ''*-ćā'' || ''*-nīʔi'' || ''*-iś''
|-
|}
 
=== Nouns ===
=== Nouns ===
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
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! colspan=2| decl. A
! colspan=2| decl. A
! colspan=2| decl. B
! colspan=2| decl. B
! colspan=2| decl. C
! colspan=2| decl. D
! colspan=2| decl. D
|-
|-
!
!
!singular
!plural
!singular
!singular
!plural
!plural
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|''lēti'' ||''lētāla''
|''lēti'' ||''lētāla''
|''{{aleph}}istel'''eḱi''''' ||''{{aleph}}istel'''ahaḱi'''''
|''{{aleph}}istel'''eḱi''''' ||''{{aleph}}istel'''ahaḱi'''''
|''yāḱi'' ||'''''ŋi'''yāḱi''
||''-īni''||''-ijē''
||''-in''||''-ijē''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Construct state'''
|align="right"|'''Construct state'''
|''lēta-'' ||''lētā-''
|''lēta-'' ||''lētā-''
|''{{aleph}}istel'''eḱa-''''' ||''{{aleph}}istel'''ahaḱa-'''''
|''{{aleph}}istel'''eḱa-''''' ||''{{aleph}}istel'''ahaḱa-'''''
|''yāḱe-'' ||'''''ŋi'''yāḱe-''
||''-''||''-''
||''-''||''-''
|}
|}
=== Verbs ===
Stem markers mainly marked aktionsart:
* ʔ- dynamic
** infix allomorphs: (Vcreaky)1 telic, 1V(creaky)l2V3 iterative
* ŋ- causative
* s-infix: to do in advance
* various reduplications for "a little", gradual, frequentative or "too much"
{| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
! Stem !! Intransitive !! Transitive !! Applicative !! Transgressive !! Verbal noun
|-
! a-stem
| ''*1i2a3'' || ''*-(e)12a3'' || ''*-1in2a3'' || ''*1a2ā3'' || ''*1a2ī3i'', ''*1e2ī3i''
|-
! e-stem
| ''*1a2e3'' || ''*-12e3'' || ''*-1in2e3'' || ''*ʔa1e2ā3'' || ''*12e3eḱi''
|-
! ʔ-prefix stem
| ''*ʔa12e3'' || ''*-ʔa12u3'' || ''*-ʔi1en2i3'' || ''*ʔa12ā3'' || ''*ʔa12ē3i''
|-
! {{ng}}-prefix stem
| ''*{{ng}}a12e3'' || ''*-ŋ1a2u3'' || ''*-{{ng}}1in2i3'' || ''*{{ng}}a12ā3'' || ''*12ū3eḱi''
|-
! š-infix stem
| ''*1aš2e3'' || ''*-1aš2u3'' || ''*-1išin2o3'' || ''*1aš2ā3'' || ''*1aš2ē3i''
|-
! ʔ-infix stem
| ''*1aʔ2e3'' || ''*-1aʔ2u3'' || ''*-1iʔin2i3'' || ''*1aʔ2ā3'' || ''*te1aʔ2e3i''
|-
! 2-redup
| ''*21a2e3'' || ''*-2a12u3'' || ''*-21in2u3'' || ''*21a2ā3'' || ''*21a23eḱi''
|-
! 3-redup
| ''*1i2a3e3'' || ''*-1a23u3'' || ''*-1in2i3u3'' || ''*1a2a3ā3'' || ''*12a3ē3i''
|-
! 13-redup
| ''*1i31a2e3'' || ''*-1i3a12u3'' || ''*-1i31in2u3'' || ''*1i31a2ā3'' || ''*1i31a2ē3''
|}
===Derivation===
* Noun patterns: ''1a23, 1i23, 1u23, 1a22ū3, 1a2a3, 1a2i2, 1a2u3, ŋa12ū3, 1ā2a3, 1ī2a3, 1ī2ī3, 1ī2ū3''
* ''1aʔ2ū3'' = adjective relating to personal qualities
*''ʔe12ā3'' = agent noun
*''1iʔ2i3'' = resultatives
*''1aʔ2e3'' = tendency/quality of X
*''1iʔ2a3'' = degree/measure
*''-ām'' = augmentative (source of -om in Naeng and Eevo)
*''-ān'' = abstract noun, collective
*''1a2ī3'' = quality adjective
*''1u2a3'' = resultative adjective
*''1e2ā3'' = event
*''śi12ū3'' = event
*''tawa12a3''
*''śi12a3/śi12i3'' = instrument
*''wa12ē3/wa12ī3'' = profession
*''ti12a3/ti12e3'' = process
*''wa12ū3'' = patient noun
*''wa12ā3'' = resultative noun


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
IlL
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