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Balearic Hebrew: Difference between revisions
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→Meanings & Use of Finite Verbs
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The preterite is used to indicate the following: | The preterite is used to indicate the following: | ||
*'''An action completed in the past''': This use expresses an action that is viewed as a completed event. It is often accompanied by adverbial expressions of time, such as ''ʔitmūl''. | *'''An action completed in the past''': This use expresses an action that is viewed as a completed event. It is often accompanied by adverbial expressions of time, such as ''ʔitmūl''. | ||
ʔitmūl | ''ʔitmūl mūṣattī hafiraħ'' = "Yesterday, I found the flower" | ||
*'''Perfect actions''': Aligning with English perfect constructions, actions in the past with present relevance. | *'''Perfect actions''': Aligning with English perfect constructions, actions in the past with present relevance. | ||
= "Now you have heard him | ''hatū šūmanta ʔoto''= "Now you have heard him" | ||
*'''A general truth''' actions which are commonly accepted, present or past. | |||
*'''A general truth''' | ''hatsīforot hūbfū''= "Birds fly" | ||
= " | |||
==== The Present Tense ==== | ==== The Present Tense ==== | ||
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In '''characteristic relative clauses''' the subjunctive is used. These clauses define their antecedent as belonging to a certain character or king, rather than to only state a fact about it. Often, these clauses are used in questions, though not always. Note the following examples: | In '''characteristic relative clauses''' the subjunctive is used. These clauses define their antecedent as belonging to a certain character or king, rather than to only state a fact about it. Often, these clauses are used in questions, though not always. Note the following examples: | ||
*= " | ''sakīfyo, si bīnnik garitħūdūšū, lo hūša ʔit pe''*= "Scipio, who conquered Carthage, did not do this" | ||
*= " | ''sakīfyo, si bīnnik garitħūdūšū, si ʔal '''yīššū''' ʔit pe''*= "Scipio, who conquered Carthage, is not the kind of person to have done this" | ||
*= "Is there a kind of person who does this?" | ''het mī si '''yīššū''' ʔit pe?''*= "Is there a kind of person who does this?" | ||
The first sentence is entirely in the indicative, while the other two are both subjunctive. | The first sentence is entirely in the indicative, while the other two are both subjunctive. Note how in the third sentence, the interrogative pronoun is offset by the relative pronoun, so it is not an indirect question. | ||
===== Uses with kī ===== | ===== Uses with kī ===== | ||