174
edits
Balearic Hebrew: Difference between revisions
→Weak roots
Godisawoman (talk | contribs) |
Godisawoman (talk | contribs) |
||
| Line 869: | Line 869: | ||
* 3rd He | * 3rd He | ||
* 3rd Chet | * 3rd Chet | ||
* 2nd Alef | |||
* 1st Chet | * 1st Chet | ||
* 1st Nun or Lamed | * 1st Nun or Lamed | ||
| Line 876: | Line 877: | ||
The first three categories, categorized by a guttural as the third letter of a verbal root, cause gemination in the verbal affix nearby. For example, the 2nd person feminine singular ''qal'' preterite construction of the root ''h-r-h,'' to be pregnant, is hūratti, instead of the ungrammatical *''hūrahti''. This gemination occurs not only with the affixes, but also to the other parts of the root. In addition, these consonants cause a vowel change from <ū> to <o> always. Other vowels are unaffected. For example, using the same verb but in the 3rd person, the construction is ''horra'', instead of expected *''hūrha''. In the case of a final /h/, it always drops. | The first three categories, categorized by a guttural as the third letter of a verbal root, cause gemination in the verbal affix nearby. For example, the 2nd person feminine singular ''qal'' preterite construction of the root ''h-r-h,'' to be pregnant, is hūratti, instead of the ungrammatical *''hūrahti''. This gemination occurs not only with the affixes, but also to the other parts of the root. In addition, these consonants cause a vowel change from <ū> to <o> always. Other vowels are unaffected. For example, using the same verb but in the 3rd person, the construction is ''horra'', instead of expected *''hūrha''. In the case of a final /h/, it always drops. | ||
The fourth category, | The fourth category, 2nd Alef, only has this consonant drop when it is preceded by a stop consonant ([t k b d g]) and followed by a vowel. For example, ''bʔb'', meaning "to come" has the form ''būbū'' for the 3rd person masculine plural ''qal'' preterite form, instead of expected *''būʔbū''. | ||
The fifth category, 1st | The fifth category, 1st Chet, causes vowel change, and/or gemination in the paradigm. The vowel immediately preceding and following this letter is always /a/. Thus, ''ħ-b-š'', meaning to cover a wound, in the masculine 3rd person singular ''qal'' subjunctive is ''yabbūš'', instead of expected *''yiħbūš''. Here, the vowel is changed from <nowiki><i> to <a>, and the <b> 2nd radical consonant is geminated as the first is lost.</nowiki> | ||
The | The sixth category, 1st Nun or Lamed, causes vowel changes in the subjunctive and imperative conjugations, as well as in the H-stem and N-stem. In these instances, where some sort of prefix is attached to the verb radical, the /n/ or /l/ of the verb root drops and causes vowel changes. Like the 1st Chet irregulars, the vowel is almost always changed to an /a/. In the N-stem construction, the /a/ is conserved. For example, the root ''l-h-ṭ'', menaing to burn, in the 3rd person masculine singular H-stem preterite is ''halhīṭ'', instead of expected *''hīlhīṭ''. Unlike the 1st Chet category, the present marker ''lū'' is never changed by these irregularities. | ||
The seventh category, 1st Yod, causes vowel changes. The /j/ drops out of the stem as well. If the preceding vowel is <a>, it is changed to <e>. If it is <ū>, it is changed to <o>. Thus, the first person singular N-stem preterite of the verb ''y-t-r'', to be useless, is ''notartī'', instead of expected *''natartī.'' | |||
The last category, verbs that have the stops /t/, /d/, /k/, or /g/ as their last letter, cause only gemination. These stops drop out of the stem but cause the consonant immediately following them to geminate in compensation. For example, the root ''b-r-g'', meaning to create, in the second masculine singular ''qal'' preterite form is ''būratta'', instead of expected ''*būragta.'' | The last category, verbs that have the stops /t/, /d/, /k/, or /g/ as their last letter, cause only gemination. These stops drop out of the stem but cause the consonant immediately following them to geminate in compensation. For example, the root ''b-r-g'', meaning to create, in the second masculine singular ''qal'' preterite form is ''būratta'', instead of expected ''*būragta.'' | ||