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User:IlL/A Danified analytic Neo-Arabic: Difference between revisions
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User:IlL/A Danified analytic Neo-Arabic (view source)
Revision as of 12:07, 29 July 2022
, 29 July 2022→Inflected verbs
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The infinitive is also used as an imperative: ''ðeht ló oj!'' = 'Give it to her!' Imperatives are negated by placing ''bal'' or ''bawði'' before the verb. | The infinitive is also used as an imperative: ''ðeht ló oj!'' = 'Give it to her!' Imperatives are negated by placing ''bal'' or ''bawði'' before the verb. | ||
====Inflected | ====Inflected verbs==== | ||
Knench has only seven inflected verbs (i.e. verbs with inflected past and future forms): | |||
*''juð'' 'to be' (the past form ''han'' is cognate to Arabic ''kāna'') | *''juð'' 'to be' (the past form ''han'' is cognate to Arabic ''kāna'') | ||
*''fluð'' 'to do' (from *ʕaśō, with contamination from *paȝal) | *''fluð'' 'to do' (from *ʕaśō, with contamination from *paȝal) | ||
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*''kaht'' 'to take' (from *laqaħ) | *''kaht'' 'to take' (from *laqaħ) | ||
*''ðeht'' 'to give' (from *natan, with contamination from *hinīħ 'to leave' and naħħil 'to bequeath') | *''ðeht'' 'to give' (from *natan, with contamination from *hinīħ 'to leave' and naħħil 'to bequeath') | ||
*''bur'' 'to undergo' (from *3abar), used as a passive auxilliary | |||
The | The ''independent'' forms come from the Ancient Knench waw-consecutive. They have become more similar to each other due to analogy. Using a preverb such as ''lu'' requires the ''dependent'' form, listed in a separate table from the independent forms. | ||
Even verbs with finite forms are defective verbs, since finite forms are always perfective (except forms of ''juð''). To express the imperfective with these verbs, you still have to use the copula + bə + VN construction. The negator ''lu'' only negates finite verbs. | Even verbs with finite forms are defective verbs, since finite forms are always perfective (except forms of ''juð''). To express the imperfective with these verbs, you still have to use the copula + bə + VN construction. The negator ''lu'' only negates finite verbs. | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 750px; text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 750px; text-align:center;" | ||
|+ Inflected verbs in {{PAGENAME}} | |+ Inflected verbs in {{PAGENAME}}, independent forms | ||
! colspan=2 style="width: 75px; "| → Person | ! colspan=2 style="width: 75px; "| → Person | ||
! style="width: 75px; " | I | ! style="width: 75px; " | I | ||
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! style="width: 75px; " | you (plural) | ! style="width: 75px; " | you (plural) | ||
! style="width: 75px; " | they | ! style="width: 75px; " | they | ||
|- | |||
! colspan=2|Present ''ri/r' '' | |||
| ''i, ni'' | |||
| ''tr'' | |||
| ''ti'' | |||
| ''r'u'' | |||
| ''r'oj'' | |||
| ''nu'' | |||
| ''tim'' | |||
| ''r'im'' | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan=2| ''bur'' | |||
! future | |||
| ''barð i'' | |||
| ''bart tr'' | |||
| ''bart ti'' | |||
| ''bar u'' | |||
| ''bro oj'' | |||
| ''barn nu'' | |||
| ''bart tim'' | |||
| ''bru'm'' | |||
|- | |||
! past | |||
| ''úr i'' | |||
| ''þur tr'' | |||
| ''þri ti'' | |||
| ''úr u'' | |||
| ''þur oj'' | |||
| ''nur nu'' | |||
| ''þru tim'' | |||
| ''úru'm'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan=2| ''juð'' | !rowspan=2| ''juð'' | ||
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| ''jeðu'm'' | | ''jeðu'm'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan=2| '' | !rowspan=2| ''leht'' | ||
! future pfv. | ! future pfv. | ||
| ''lawð i'' | | ''lawð i'' | ||