138,726
edits
Řeuŋnie: Difference between revisions
m
→Nouns
m (→Downstep) |
m (→Nouns) |
||
| Line 151: | Line 151: | ||
Inflectional morphology is Slavic and Germanic-inspired; clitics and syntax are Japanese-inspired | Inflectional morphology is Slavic and Germanic-inspired; clitics and syntax are Japanese-inspired | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Řeuŋnie nouns are classified into two genders: animate and inanimate, and they inflect for case. Similarly to Slavic languages, the case affixes are fusional, encoding both case and number. | |||
The inflectional cases are as follows. Other grammatical relations are expressed using postpositions and clitics. | |||
*nominative (Japanese ''ga'') | |||
*accusative (Japanese ''wo'') | |||
*genitive (Japanese ''no'') | |||
*dative (Japanese ''ni'') | |||
*allative (Japanese ''e'') | |||
*comitative/"and" (Japanese ''to'') | |||
*instrumental/locative (Japanese ''de'') | |||
====Declension classes==== | |||
The declension classes are: | |||
*''-a'' declension (usually animate) | |||
*''-e'' declension (usually animate) | |||
*''-aw/-ui-'' (verbal nouns) | |||
*hard consonant declension (usually inanimate) | |||
*soft consonant declension (usually inanimate, but default for loans ending in a consonant) | |||
*Inanimate vowel nouns/-h declension (default for loans ending in a vowel; historically nouns ending in -g) | |||
*''-ŕ'' declension | |||
*''-ýn/-ín'' declension (adjectival noun) | |||
*''-é/-ie'' declension (adjectival noun) | |||
There are more declension classes than in related languages such as [[Nabbrzé]]; this is because of vowel changes after soft consonants and subsequent depalatalization. | |||
eřecha (a) 'bear' | |||
*nom: eřecha, eřechu | |||
*acc: eřeše, eřechý | |||
*gen: eřech, eřechý | |||
*dat: eřechy, eřechas | |||
*all: eřechet, eřechas | |||
*ins/loc: eřešel, eřechata | |||
*com: eřechuf, eřechaf | |||
roustje (a) 'puppy' | |||
*nom: roustje, rousti | |||
*acc: rousti, roustí | |||
*gen: roustj, roustí | |||
*dat: rousti, roustjes | |||
*all: roustet, roustjes | |||
*ins/loc: roustil, roustjeta | |||
*com: roustif, roustíf | |||
loef (i) 'bridge' | |||
*nom = acc: l'''oe'''f, lofa | |||
*gen: lofy, lofý | |||
*dat: lofy, l'''oe'''fs | |||
*all: lofet, l'''oe'''fs | |||
*ins/loc: lofel, l'''oe'''fta | |||
*com: lofyf, lofýf | |||
hŕþoh "corner" | |||
*nom = acc: hŕþoh, hŕþoha | |||
*gen: hŕþoj, hŕþojí | |||
*dat: hŕþoj, hŕþós | |||
*all: hŕþót, hŕþós | |||
*ins/loc: hŕþojel, hŕþóta | |||
*com: hŕþojf, hŕþojíf | |||
*ksúv (i) 'tool': | |||
*nom = acc: ksúv, ksúve | |||
*gen: ksúvi, ksúví | |||
*dat: ksúvi, ksúvs | |||
*all: ksúvet, ksúvs | |||
*ins/loc: ksúvil, ksúvta | |||
*com: ksúvif, ksúvíf | |||
wecsaw (i) 'action' | |||
*nom = acc: wecsaw, wecsui | |||
*gen: wecsui, wecsají (pronounced like "wecsaji") | |||
*dat: wecsui, wecsuis | |||
*all: wecsuit, wecsuis | |||
*ins/loc: wecsuil, wecsuita | |||
*com: wecsuif, wecsuif/wecsajíf (pronounced like "wecsajif") | |||
===Pronouns=== | |||
Rank pronouns. | |||
===Verbs and adjectives=== | |||
''vej-'' for negation; generally like Korean, except verbs also inflect for the animacy of the subject. | |||
get hard and soft stems (cf. different "theme vowels" for Japanese verb forms) | |||
Conjugation classes: | |||
*''-as'' verbs | |||
*''-is'' verbs | |||
*''-es''/''-ěs'' verbs | |||
*''-s'' verbs | |||
*irregular: "to do" (added to foreign words to verb them) | |||
*irregular: "to be (copula)" | |||
*irregular: "to exist" | |||
===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||