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==Verbs== | ==Verbs== | ||
The Gothic subjunctive mood has been repurposed into two set of dependent verb forms (perfective and imperfective); these cannot occur without subordinating prefix ''i''. | Niemish verbs maintain the Germanic categories of strong, weak and preterite-present. All verbs have two aspects, imperfective (bare stem) and perfective (marked by a gy- prefix if intransitive, by a by- prefix if transitive). As in Slavic languages, the morphological perfect present has a future meaning. | ||
The Gothic subjunctive mood has been repurposed into two set of dependent verb forms (perfective and imperfective); these cannot occur without subordinating prefix ''i''. There is no infinitive, although the present participle is often used in situations where other European languages use an infinitive, and is often misidentified as one. | |||
The conjugation of regular verbs can be seen in the table below. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|+ Niemish verb conjugation | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="4" | Present participle | |||
| colspan="5" | -(a)n | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="4" | Past participle (strong) | |||
| colspan="5" | -(a)n | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="4" | Past participle (weak) | |||
| colspan="5" | -(a)d | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | !! colspan="2"| Present !! colspan="2" | Past (strong) !! colspan="2" | Past (weak) !! rowspan="2" | Imperative | |||
|- | |||
! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive | |||
|- | |||
! 1S | |||
| -Ø || -a || -Ø || -je || -(a)d || -(y)za || rowspan=3| -Ø | |||
|- | |||
! 2S | |||
| -s || -es || -t || -jes || -(a)ds || -zes | |||
|- | |||
! 3S | |||
| -t || -e || –Ø || -je || -(a)d || -ez | |||
|- | |||
! 1P | |||
| -ą || -em || -ą || -jem || -(y)dą || -(y)zem || rowspan=3 | -(e)t | |||
|- | |||
! 2P | |||
| -t || -et || -t || -jets || -(a)dt || -(y)zet | |||
|- | |||
! 3P | |||
| -ą || -en || -ą || -jen || -(y)dą || -(y)zen | |||
|} | |||
'''Notes:''' | |||
# ''-(a)-'' indicates a vowel that is dropped in verbs where the stem ends in a vowel or a liquid consonant. | |||
# Preterite-present verbs conjugate as a strong past in the present, and as a weak past in the past. The plural present has the same stem as the present participle. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||