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→Strong verbs
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The following is a table of all the different types and subtypes of strong verbs. | The following is a table of all the different types and subtypes of strong verbs. | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan="2" |Strong verb classes !! colspan= | ! colspan="2" |Strong verb classes !! colspan=4|Stem vowel | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Class!!Subclass!!General!!Past!!Past Participle | !Class!!Subclass!!General!!Past indicative!!Past subjunctive!!Past Participle | ||
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan=2|1!!1a | !rowspan=2|1!!1a | ||
|i||ia, iä||rowspan=2|e, i | |i||ia, iä||rowspan=2|i||rowspan=2|e, i | ||
|- | |- | ||
!1b | !1b | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" |2a | ! colspan="2" |2a | ||
|io, iu||io||io, iu | |io, iu||io||iu||io, iu | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" |2b | ! colspan="2" |2b | ||
|o, u||o||o, u | |o, u||o||u||o, u | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" |3 | ! colspan="2" |3 | ||
|e, i||a, ä||o, u | |e, i||a, ä||i||o, u | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" |5 | ! colspan="2" |5 | ||
|e, i||a, ä||e, i | |e, i||a, ä||i||e, i | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=2 |6 | ! colspan=2 |6 | ||
|a||u||a | |a||colspan=2|u||a | ||
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan=2|7b!!7ba | !rowspan=2|7b!!7ba | ||
|i||rowspan=2|u||rowspan=2|i | |i||colspan=2 rowspan=2|u||rowspan=2|i | ||
|- | |- | ||
!7bb | !7bb | ||
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The "general" stem is used for the present tense, present participle and imperative. The "past" stem is used for the past tense, other than in the past participle which has its own stem. Where two possible stem vowels are shown, they form a low-high pair that alternate according to umlaut. | The "general" stem is used for the present tense, present participle and imperative. The "past" stem is used for the past tense, other than in the past participle which has its own stem. Where two possible stem vowels are shown, they form a low-high pair that alternate according to umlaut. | ||
All past indicative stems assimilated to the Gothic first past stem, while class 3 verbs assimilated to class 4 in the past subjunctive. As a result class 3 and class 4a verbs merged. As there were only a very small number of class 4b verbs (which had identical past and past participle stems to classes 3 and 4a), these too merged with class 3. | |||
The reduplicated consonant prefix in class 7 verbs was lost. As a result, class 7a verbs were lost, becoming weak verbs or, if they had past stem vowel ''u'', becoming class 7b instead. | The reduplicated consonant prefix in class 7 verbs was lost. As a result, class 7a verbs were lost, becoming weak verbs or, if they had past stem vowel ''u'', becoming class 7b instead. | ||