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Niemish: Difference between revisions
→Second umlaut (umlaut pattern 2. or a-umlaut)
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The second umlaut affected Post-Gothic long ''ái'' and ''ei'' slightly differently. When followed by a plain consonant (or when not followed by a front vowel in the following syllable in the ''second umlaut first hypothesis'') , ''ái'' [ɛː] was broken to first [jɛ] then lowered to [ja], and ''ei'' [[Niemish#Emergence_of_/ɨː/|was lowered to /ɨː/]]: | The second umlaut affected Post-Gothic long ''ái'' and ''ei'' slightly differently. When followed by a plain consonant (or when not followed by a front vowel in the following syllable in the ''second umlaut first hypothesis'') , ''ái'' [ɛː] was broken to first [jɛ] then lowered to [ja], and ''ei'' [[Niemish#Emergence_of_/ɨː/|was lowered to /ɨː/]]: | ||
Second umlaut was unable to occur in ja- or ju-stem nouns, and only occured in the singular of i- and u-stems. '''This gave rise to the three stems all Niemish masculine nouns belong to: ''hard'' (a-stems), ''soft'' (ja- and | Second umlaut was unable to occur in ja- or ju-stem nouns, and only occured in the singular of i- and u-stems. '''This gave rise to the three stems all Niemish masculine nouns belong to: ''hard'' (a-stems), ''soft'' (ja- and ju-stems) and ''mixed'' (i- and u-stems).''' | ||
Feminine nouns either underwent the second umlaut in all inflected forms (jō-, jōn- and ein-stems) or not at all (all others). Thus as with first umlaut, vowel alternations due to second umlaut do not occur in feminine nouns. Note that ''ái'' [ɛː] is not considered a front vowel for the purposes of second umlaut; the umlaut was also predicated on vowel height and ''ái'' as a low vowel could trigger second umlaut: | Feminine nouns either underwent the second umlaut in all inflected forms (jō-, jōn- and ein-stems) or not at all (all others). Thus as with first umlaut, vowel alternations due to second umlaut do not occur in feminine nouns. Note that ''ái'' [ɛː] is not considered a front vowel for the purposes of second umlaut; the umlaut was also predicated on vowel height and ''ái'' as a low vowel could trigger second umlaut: | ||