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Heracliotic Greek: Difference between revisions
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The Ancient Greek vowel length and pitch accent were converted to a stress accent, placed on what had in Aeolic Greek been the third-to-last mora of a word (or the first, if the word was fewer than three moras long). | The Ancient Greek vowel length and pitch accent were converted to a stress accent, placed on what had in Aeolic Greek been the third-to-last mora of a word (or the first, if the word was fewer than three moras long). | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
Voiced stops at the beginning of a word or beginning a stressed syllable merged with the aspirates, leaving a rising tone (pre-existing aspirates result in a level high tone). | /s/ became lenited between vowels, but not when geminated or in pausa. This was the origin of the provection mutation: | ||
*σ /s/ → /h/ | |||
/dz/ became /z/ in all positions except after nasals: | |||
*ζ /dz/ → /z/ | |||
*νζ /ndz/ → /ndz/ | |||
Voiced stops and /z/ at the beginning of a word or beginning a stressed syllable merged with the aspirates and /s/ respectively, leaving a rising tone (pre-existing aspirates result in a level high tone). The other voiced consonants /l, ʎ, m, n, ɲ, r/ also came to be followed by a rising tone, that was changed to a level high tone when provected. | |||
*βα /ba/ → /pʰǎ/ | *βα /ba/ → /pʰǎ/ | ||
*δα /da/ → /tʰǎ/ | *δα /da/ → /tʰǎ/ | ||
*γα /ga/ → /kʰǎ/ | *γα /ga/ → /kʰǎ/ | ||
*ζα /za/ → /sǎ/ | |||
*φα /pʰa/ → /pʰá/ | *φα /pʰa/ → /pʰá/ | ||
*θα /kʰa/ → /tʰá/ | *θα /kʰa/ → /tʰá/ | ||
*χα /kʰa/ → /kʰá/ | *χα /kʰa/ → /kʰá/ | ||
*σα /sa/ → /sá/ | |||
Otherwise, voiced stops were lenited after vowels to the extent that they were entirely lost, The vowels that came into contact as a result formed diphthongs: | Otherwise, /z/ entirely merged with /s/ and voiced stops were lenited after vowels to the extent that they were entirely lost, The vowels that came into contact as a result formed diphthongs: | ||
*β δ γ /b, d, g/ → /Ø/ | *β δ γ /b, d, g/ → /Ø/ | ||
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Aspirates lost aspiration before unstressed vowels. As unstressed vowels do not carry phonemic tone, this did not have any tonal effect. | Aspirates lost aspiration before unstressed vowels. As unstressed vowels do not carry phonemic tone, this did not have any tonal effect. | ||
Several consonants were palatalised when followed by /iV/ where /V/ is any back vowel: | Several consonants were palatalised when followed by /iV/ where /V/ is any back vowel: | ||