577
edits
Balog: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
m
→Subject Clitics
| Line 237: | Line 237: | ||
====Subject Clitics==== | ====Subject Clitics==== | ||
Subject clitics appear at the beginning of every phrase denoting a grammatical subject. They indicate not only that the following base phrase is the subject of the preceding predicate but also convey information about '''definiteness''' (whether the addressee is expected to know which exact entity), '''specificity''' (whether the speaker knows which exact entity) and an inflectional dimension integral to Balog called ''status''. | Subject clitics appear at the beginning of every phrase denoting a grammatical subject. They indicate not only that the following base phrase is the subject of the preceding predicate but also convey information about '''definiteness''' (whether the addressee is expected to know which exact entity), '''specificity''' (whether the speaker knows which exact entity) and an inflectional dimension integral to Balog called ''status'', described below. | ||
In everyday use, when not speaking to a much higher ranked individual, the definite forms are frequently used even for specific indefinite referents, with the specific, indefinite forms with <q> being more emphatically indefinite, representing a marked indication to the listener that they are not expected to know the identity of the referent. When speaking to higher ranked individuals, failure to use the indefinite specific forms when needed is seen as an affront to the hierarchy of respect as it effectively eliminates any indication of the listener's knowledge of the situation. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | ||
| Line 260: | Line 262: | ||
! "Powerless" !! (E) | ! "Powerless" !! (E) | ||
| <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''i(:)-'''''</span> || <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''iqi(:)-'''''</span> || <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''ihi(:)-'''''</span> | | <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''i(:)-'''''</span> || <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''iqi(:)-'''''</span> || <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''ihi(:)-'''''</span> | ||
|- | |||
! "Unknown, animate" !! (ANIM) | |||
| || || <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''eu(:)-'''''</span> | |||
|- | |||
! "Unknown, inanimate" !! (INAN) | |||
| || || <span style="color:#0000FF">'''''ei(:)-'''''</span> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="5" | <small>Propositions</small> | ! colspan="5" | <small>Propositions</small> | ||