6,696
edits
Maryan Coptic: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
m
→Prosody
Castillerian (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
Castillerian (talk | contribs) m (→Prosody) |
||
| Line 404: | Line 404: | ||
Maryan uses a [[w:Stress_(linguistics)#Lexical_stress|lexical stress]] system. The primary stress is always found either on the [[w:Penult|penult]] or the [[w:Ultima_(linguistics)|ultima]], depending on the vowels present, and the secondary stress is always found at least two syllables before the primary stress, usually in conjugated verbs and compound nouns. However, borrowed loanwords tend to break this pattern, as Maryan Coptic attempts to preserve the stress from the loanword's source language. Fortunately, inherited loanwords are constructed specifically to fit Maryan's native stress system, making their stress patterns more predictable than direct borrowings. | Maryan uses a [[w:Stress_(linguistics)#Lexical_stress|lexical stress]] system. The primary stress is always found either on the [[w:Penult|penult]] or the [[w:Ultima_(linguistics)|ultima]], depending on the vowels present, and the secondary stress is always found at least two syllables before the primary stress, usually in conjugated verbs and compound nouns. However, borrowed loanwords tend to break this pattern, as Maryan Coptic attempts to preserve the stress from the loanword's source language. Fortunately, inherited loanwords are constructed specifically to fit Maryan's native stress system, making their stress patterns more predictable than direct borrowings. | ||
Every vowel, aside from ''ei'' ({{cop|ⲉ}}), are | Every vowel, aside from ''ei'' ({{cop|ⲉ}}), are 'strong vowels' and can indicate the primary stress of a word. ''alpha'' ({{cop|ⲁ}}) and ''o'' ({{cop|ⲟ}}) are 'short strong' vowels, and ''eta'' ({{cop|ⲏ}}), ''iota'' ({{cop|ⲓ}}), ''u'' ({{cop|ⲩ}}), and ''ou'' ({{cop|ⲱ}}) are 'long strong' vowels. ''Ei'' ({{cop|ⲉ}}), and sometimes ''iota'' ({{cop|ⲓ}}), are 'weak vowels' and are primarily unstressed if a strong vowel is present. In verb forms, the verb root is always given the primary stress. | ||
* {{cop|'''Ⲭⲏⲙⲉ'''}} (Egypt): {{IPA|/ˈkʰeːmə/}} | * {{cop|'''Ⲭⲏⲙⲉ'''}} (Egypt): {{IPA|/ˈkʰeːmə/}} | ||
| Line 410: | Line 410: | ||
* {{cop|'''Ⲉⲥⲛⲟϥⲣⲉ'''}} (Esnofre [female-given name]): {{IPA|/əsˈnɔfɾə/}} | * {{cop|'''Ⲉⲥⲛⲟϥⲣⲉ'''}} (Esnofre [female-given name]): {{IPA|/əsˈnɔfɾə/}} | ||
If multiple strong vowels are found in a word, usually from agglutination, | If multiple strong vowels are found in a word, usually from agglutination, the final strong vowel or root word gets the primary stress, and any remaining long vowels are shortened. The main exception is if the final vowel is a strong ''u'' ({{cop|ⲩ}}) and the penult vowel is either ''alpha'' ({{cop|ⲁ}}) or ''o'' ({{cop|ⲟ}}). Other exceptions may occur in more formal registers of speech, leaving long vowels in unstressed positions. | ||
* {{cop|'''ϯⲙⲁ'''}} (to allow): {{IPA|/ | * {{cop|'''ϯⲙⲁ'''}} (to allow): {{IPA|/tiːˈmaʔ/}} | ||
* {{cop|'''ⲁⲙⲁⲓⲩ'''}} (seas): {{IPA|/ | * {{cop|'''ⲁⲙⲁⲓⲩ'''}} (seas): {{IPA|/aˈmajjuː/}} | ||
* {{cop|'''ϫⲱⲣⲁⲥⲡⲉ'''}} (linguistics): | * {{cop|'''ϫⲱⲣⲁⲥⲡⲉ'''}} (linguistics): {{IPA|/t͡ʃoːɾˈaspə/}} | ||
* {{cop|'''ⲧⲏϩⲓⲙⲉ'''}} (that woman): | * {{cop|'''ⲧⲏϩⲓⲙⲉ'''}} (that woman): {{IPA|/teːˈhiːmə/}} | ||
If a short strong vowel is found on the penult and the ultima contains one onset consonant, then | If a short strong vowel is found on the penult and the ultima contains one onset consonant, then a glottal stop acts as a coda for the stressed syllable. If the stressed syllable's coda is a ''iota'' ({{cop|ⲓ}}) or ''u'' ({{cop|ⲩ}}), then the consonant is geminated. | ||
* {{cop|'''ⲥⲁϫⲉ'''}} (to speak): {{IPA|/ | * {{cop|'''ⲥⲁϫⲉ'''}} (to speak): {{IPA|/ˈsaʔt͡ʃə/}} | ||
* {{cop|'''ⲁⲧⲟⲩⲉ'''}} (morning): {{IPA|/aˈtɔwwə/}} | |||
* {{cop|'''ⳣⲟⲓⲉ'''}} (farmer): {{IPA|/ˈwɔjjə/}} | * {{cop|'''ⳣⲟⲓⲉ'''}} (farmer): {{IPA|/ˈwɔjjə/}} | ||
* {{cop|''' | * {{cop|'''ⲟⲛⲉⲛ'''}} (chin): {{IPA|/ˈɔʔnən/}} | ||
* {{cop|'''ϣⲁⲣⲉ'''}} (to hit): {{IPA|/ | * {{cop|'''ϣⲁⲣⲉ'''}} (to hit): {{IPA|/ˈʃaʔɾə/}} | ||
====Intonation==== | ====Intonation==== | ||