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Hondish (view source)

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[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:A_posteriori]]
[[Category:A_posteriori]]
[[Category:Indo-European_languages]]
[[Category:Indo-European_languages]]
[[Category:Celtic_languages]]
[[Category:Celtic_languages]]


{{privatelang}}
{{privatelang}}{{construction}}


{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name = Hondish
|name = Hondish
|nativename = Onnezearag
|nativename = hunnech
|pronunciation = onəzea̯rak
|pronunciation = hʏnəx
|creator = [[User:Uspesny mekkys]]
|creator = [[User:Uspesny mekkys]]


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}}
}}


'''Hondish''' (''Onnezearag'') is a [[w:Celtic_languages|Celtic language]] spoken on the island of [[w:Doggerland|Hondey]] in the North Sea. It is closely related to other living Celtic languages and forms its own distinct group in the [[w:Insular_Celtic_languages|Insular Celtic]] language group. Thorought history it has been significantly influenced by the [[w:Germanic_languages|Germanic languages]], most notably [[w:Old_Norse|Old Norse]] and its descendants, [[w:North_Germanic_languages|North Germanic languages]] as well as [[w:West_Germanic_languages|West Germanic languages]], namely [[w:Dutch_language|Dutch]] and to a lesser degree [[w:English_language|English]]. These influences manifest primarily in Hondish vocabulary and phonology, its morphology and syntax have been less affected.
'''Hondish''' (''hunnech'') is a [[w:Celtic_languages|Celtic language]] spoken on the island of [[w:Doggerland|Hondey]] (Hondish: ''Hunne'') in the North Sea. It is closely related to other living Celtic languages and forms its own distinct group in the [[w:Insular_Celtic_languages|Insular Celtic]] language group. Thorought history it has been significantly influenced by the [[w:Germanic_languages|Germanic languages]], most notably [[w:Old_Norse|Old Norse]] and its descendants, [[w:North_Germanic_languages|North Germanic languages]] as well as [[w:West_Germanic_languages|West Germanic languages]], namely [[w:Dutch_language|Dutch]] and to a lesser degree [[w:English_language|English]]. These influences manifest primarily in Hondish vocabulary and phonology, its morphology and syntax have been less affected.


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
Line 37: Line 36:
===Consonants===
===Consonants===


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="border-style: solid solid solid solid;text-align: center;"
|-
|-
! colspan=2 |  
! colspan=3 |  
! '''Bilabial'''
! Bilabial
! '''Labiodental'''
! Labiodental
! '''Dental'''
! Dental
! '''Alveolar'''
! Alveolar
! '''Postalveolar'''
! Postalveolar
! '''Palatal'''
! Palatal
! '''Velar'''
! Velar/Uvular
! '''Glottal'''
! Glottal
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | '''Nasal'''
! colspan=3 | Nasal
| [m] ⟨m⟩
| m ⟨m⟩
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 style="background: #F5F5F5;"|  
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;"|  
| [n] ⟨n⟩
| n ⟨n⟩
| style="border-style: solid solid none solid;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| colspan=1 style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| [ɲ] ⟨ņ⟩ || [ŋ] ⟨ng⟩
| ɲ ⟨ņ⟩
| rowspan=3 style="background: #F5F5F5;"|
| ŋ ⟨ng⟩
| colspan=1 rowspan=3 style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | '''Plosive'''
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Plosive
! '''{{small|voiced}}'''
! {{small|voiceless}}
| [p] ⟨p⟩  
| p ⟨p⟩
| [t] ⟨t⟩
| t ⟨t⟩
| colspan=2 rowspan=2 style="border-style: none solid none solid;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| colspan=1 rowspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| [k] ⟨k⟩
| c ⟨ț⟩
| k ⟨k⟩
|-
|-
! '''{{small|voiceless}}'''
! {{small|voiced}}
| [b] ⟨b⟩  
| b ⟨b⟩
| [d] ⟨d⟩
| d ⟨d⟩
| [g] ⟨g⟩
| ɟ ⟨d̦⟩
| (g ⟨gh⟩)
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | '''Fricative'''
! rowspan=4 | Fricative
! '''{{small|voiced}}'''
! rowspan=2 | {{small|sibillant}}
| rowspan=8 style="border-style: solid none solid solid;background: #F5F5F5;" |
! {{small|voiceless}}
| [f] ⟨f⟩
| colspan=3 rowspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| [θ] ⟨th⟩
| s ⟨s⟩
| [s] ⟨s⟩
| ʃ ⟨sc⟩
| [ʃ] ⟨sc⟩
| ɕ ⟨chj⟩
| rowspan=4 style="border-style: none none solid solid;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| x ⟨ch⟩
| [x] ⟨ch⟩
| h ⟨h⟩
| [h] ⟨h⟩
|-
|-
! '''{{small|voiceless}}'''
! {{small|voiced}}
| [v] ⟨v⟩
| z ⟨z⟩
| [ð] ⟨dh⟩
| ʒ ⟨zc⟩
| [z] ⟨z⟩
| colspan=1 rowspan=1 style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| [ʒ] ⟨zc⟩
| ɣ ⟨g⟩
| [ɣ] ⟨g⟩
| style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | '''Affricate'''
! rowspan=2 | {{small|non-sibillant}}
! '''{{small|voiced}}'''
! {{small|voiceless}}
| rowspan=6 colspan=2 style="border-style: none none solid none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| colspan=1 rowspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| [ts] ⟨ts⟩
| f ⟨f⟩
| [tʃ] ⟨tsc⟩
| θ ⟨th⟩
| colspan=2 rowspan=2 style="border-style: none solid none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| colspan=2 rowspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| ç ⟨hj⟩
| colspan=2 rowspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
! '''{{small|voiceless}}'''
! {{small|voiced}}
| ([dz] ⟨ds⟩)
| v ⟨v⟩
| ([dʒ] ⟨dsc⟩)
| ð ⟨dh⟩
| colspan=1 rowspan=1 style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | '''Approximant'''
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Affricate
! '''{{small|plain}}'''
! {{small|voiceless}}
| [ɹ] ⟨r⟩
| rowspan=5 colspan=3 style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| rowspan=2 style="border-style: solid solid none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| ts ⟨ts⟩
| [j] ⟨j⟩
| tʃ ⟨tsc⟩
| colspan=2 style="border-style: none solid none solid;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| colspan=3 rowspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
! '''{{small|labialised}}'''
! {{small|voiced}}
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| dz ⟨ds⟩
| [ɥ] ⟨w̦⟩
| dʒ ⟨dsc⟩
| [w] ⟨w⟩
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | '''Lateral approximant'''
! colspan=3 | Approximant
| [l] ⟨l⟩  
| colspan=1 rowspan=1 style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| rowspan=1 style="border-style: solid solid none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| j ⟨j⟩
| w ⟨w⟩
| colspan=1 style="border-style: none solid none solid;background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
! colspan=3 | Lateral
| l ⟨l⟩  
| style="border-style: none solid solid solid;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="border-style: none solid solid solid;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| [ʎ] ⟨ļ⟩   
| ʎ ⟨ļ⟩   
| colspan=2 style="border-style: none solid solid solid;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| colspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
! colspan=3 | Rhotic
| colspan=4 | r ⟨r⟩
| colspan=1 style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
|}
|}


===Vowels===
===Vowels===


Hondish vowels can be divided into those under primary stress, secondary stress and those that are unstressed. In Hondish linguistics, those are conventionally markes as ''P'', ''S'' and ''u'' respectively. Hondish stress is almost universally on the first syllable of the word, secondary stress is distributed according to following rules:
====Stressed vowels====
 
# final syllables usually carry secondary stress
# every odd syllable (ie. 3rd, 5th, etc.) can carry secondary stress
# every stressed syllable (primary or secondary) must be separated by an unstressed syllable, except for disyllabic words
 
These rules give the following possible syllable patterns:<br>
''P''<br>
''PS'' <br>
''PuS'' <br>
''PuuS'' <br>
''PuSuS'' <br>
''PuSuuS'' <br>
etc.
 
====Primarily stressed vowels====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;width:40em"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;width:40em"
Line 142: Line 139:
|-
|-
! rowspan=3 |
! rowspan=3 |
! colspan=4 | '''Front'''
! colspan=4 | Front
! colspan=2 | '''Central'''
! colspan=4 | Back
! colspan=4 | '''Back'''
|-
|-
| colspan=2 | '''{{small|unrounded}}'''
! colspan=2 | {{small|unrounded}}
| colspan=2 | '''{{small|rounded}}'''
! colspan=2 | {{small|rounded}}
| colspan=2 | '''{{small|rounded}}'''
! colspan=2 | {{small|unrounded}}
| colspan=2 | '''{{small|unrounded}}'''
! colspan=2 | {{small|rounded}}
| colspan=2 | '''{{small|rounded}}'''
|-
|-
| '''{{small|short}}'''
! {{small|long}}
| '''{{small|long}}'''
! {{small|short}}
| '''{{small|short}}'''
! {{small|long}}
| '''{{small|long}}'''
! {{small|short}}
| '''{{small|short}}'''
! {{small|long}}
| '''{{small|long}}'''
! {{small|short}}
| '''{{small|short}}'''
! {{small|long}}
| '''{{small|long}}'''
! {{small|short}}
| '''{{small|short}}'''
| '''{{small|long}}'''
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | '''High'''
! High
| rowspan=2 | [ɪ] ⟨i⟩
| (i: ⟨îe⟩)
| [ei̯] ⟨ÿ⟩
| ɪ ⟨i⟩
| rowspan=2 | [ʏ] ⟨y⟩
| y: ⟨ûe⟩
| [øy̯] ⟨ye⟩
| ʏ ⟨u⟩
| rowspan=2 | [ʉ] ⟨u⟩
| rowspan=2 | ɤ: ⟨âoe⟩
| [æʉ̯] ⟨au⟩
| rowspan=2 | ɤ ⟨ao⟩
| rowspan=2 | [ɯ] ⟨eu⟩
| u: ⟨òe⟩
| [ɯi̯] ⟨ei⟩
| (ʊ ⟨ò⟩)
| rowspan=2 | [ʊ] ⟨o⟩
| ([uː] ⟨ôe⟩)
|-
|-
| [iː] ⟨ie⟩
! Mid
| [yː] ⟨ŷe⟩
| e: ⟨êe⟩
| [ʉː] ⟨ue⟩
| ɛ ⟨e⟩
| [ɯː] ⟨êu⟩
| ø: ⟨ø̂e⟩
| [ou̯] ⟨ou⟩
| œ ⟨ø⟩
| o: ⟨ôe⟩
| ɔ ⟨o⟩
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | '''Mid'''
! Low
| rowspan=2 | [e] ⟨e⟩
| colspan=1 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| [i̯e] ⟨ee⟩
| a ⟨a⟩
| rowspan=2 | [ø] ⟨ø⟩
| colspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| [y̯ø] ⟨øe⟩
| ɑ: ⟨ae⟩
| rowspan=2 colspan=4 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| colspan=3 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| rowspan=2 | [o] ⟨o⟩
| [u̯o] ⟨oe⟩
|-
| ([eː] ⟨êe⟩)
| ([øː] ⟨ø̂e⟩)
| ([oː] ⟨ôe⟩)
|-
! '''Low'''
| [æ] ⟨a, æ⟩
| [æː] ⟨ae, æ⟩
| colspan=6 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| [a] ⟨a⟩
| [aː] ⟨ae⟩
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:40em"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:30em"
|+ Diphthongs
|+ Falling diphthongs
|-
|-
! |
! |
! ə
! ə
! i
! ʊ
! u
! ɪ
|-
|-
! a
! i:
| i:ə̯ ⟨iea⟩
| i:u̯ ⟨ieu⟩
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| [ai̯] ⟨ai⟩
| [au̯] ⟨au⟩
|-
|-
! e
! e:
| [eə̯] ⟨ea⟩
| e:ə̯ ⟨eea, ya⟩
| e:u̯ ⟨eeu, yu⟩
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| [eu̯] ⟨eü⟩
|-
|-
! o
! y:
| [oə̯] ⟨oa⟩
| y:ə̯ ⟨uea⟩
| colspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| colspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|}
====Secondarily stressed vowels====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;width:40em"
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 |
! ø:
! colspan=2 | '''Front'''
| ø:ə̯ ⟨øea⟩
! '''Central'''
| ø:u̯ ⟨øeu⟩
! colspan=2 | '''Back'''
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|-
|-
! '''{{small|unrounded}}'''
! ɤ:
! '''{{small|rounded}}'''
| ɯ:ə̯ ⟨aoa⟩
! '''{{small|rounded}}'''
| ɯ:u̯ ⟨aou⟩
! '''{{small|unrounded}}'''
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
! '''{{small|rounded}}'''
|-
|-
! '''High'''
! u:
| [i] ⟨i⟩
| u:ə̯ ⟨òea⟩
| [y] ⟨y⟩
| colspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| [ʉ] ⟨u⟩
| [ɯ] ⟨eu⟩
| [u] ⟨o⟩
|-
|-
! '''Mid'''
! o:
| [e] ⟨e⟩
| o:ə̯ ⟨oea⟩
| [ø] ⟨ø⟩
| colspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| colspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| ([o] ⟨o⟩)
|-
|-
! '''Low'''
! ɪ
| [æ] ⟨a, æ⟩
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| rowspan=2 colspan=3 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| ɪu̯ ⟨iu⟩
| [a] ⟨a⟩
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|-
! ɛ
| ɛə̯ ⟨ea⟩
| ɛu̯ ⟨eu⟩
| eɪ̯ ⟨y, ie⟩
|-
! œ
| œə̯ ⟨øa⟩
| œu̯ ⟨ue, øu⟩
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|-
! ʏ
| ʏə̯ ⟨ua⟩
| ʏu̯ ⟨uu⟩
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|-
|-
! '''Dipththongs'''
! ɔ
| [ai̯] ⟨ai⟩
| ɔə̯ ⟨oa⟩
| [au̯] ⟨au⟩
| ou̯ ⟨ou⟩
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:30em"
|+ Rising diphthongs
|-
! colspan=2 | Front
! colspan=2 | Back
|-
! {{small|unrounded}}
! {{small|rounded}}
! {{small|unrounded}}
! {{small|rounded}}
|-
| ɪ̯e ⟨ee⟩
| ʏ̯ø ⟨øe⟩
| ɯ̯ɤ ⟨aoe⟩
| ʊ̯o ⟨oe⟩
|}
|}


====Unstressed vowels====
====Unstressed vowels====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:20em"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:30em"
|+ Monophthongs
|-
|-
!
!
! '''Unrounded'''
! colspan=2 | Front
! '''Rounded'''
! rowspan=2 | Central
! colspan=2 | Back
|-
|-
! '''High'''
!
| [ɪ] ⟨i⟩
! {{small|unrounded}}
| [ʉ] ⟨u⟩
! {{small|rounded}}
! {{small|unrounded}}
! {{small|rounded}}
|-
|-
! '''Mid'''
! High
| [ə] ⟨e⟩
| ɪ ⟨i⟩
| [ɵ] ⟨o⟩
| colspan=3 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| ʊ ⟨u⟩
|-
|-
! '''Low'''
! Mid
| colspan=2 | [ɐ] ⟨a⟩
| ɛ ⟨ê⟩
| œ ⟨ø⟩
| ə ⟨e⟩
| ɤ ⟨ao⟩
| ɔ ⟨o⟩
|-
! Low
| colspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| ɑ ⟨a⟩
| colspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:30em"
|+ Falling dipththong
|-
! |
! ə
! ʊ
|-
! e
| eə̯ ⟨ea⟩
| eʊ̯ ⟨eu⟩
|-
! ø
| øə̯ ⟨øa⟩
| øʊ̯ ⟨øu⟩
|-
! ɤ
| ɤə̯ ⟨aoa⟩
| ɤʊ̯ ⟨aou⟩
|-
! o
| oə̯ ⟨oa⟩
| oʊ̯ ⟨ou⟩
|}
|}


===[[w:Consonant_mutation|Consonant mutations]]===
===[[w:Consonant_mutation|Consonant mutations]]===


Like other Celtic languages, Hondish initial consonants also undergo mutations. These mutations were originally triggerred by largely predictable assimilations at the borders of words and affixes. However, subsequent phonological changes often obscured the triggers of these mutations, leaving their triggering to morphology and syntax.
Like in other Celtic languages, Hondish initial consonants also undergo mutations. These mutations were originally triggerred by largely predictable assimilations at the borders of words and affixes. However, subsequent phonological changes often obscured the triggers of these mutations, leaving their triggering to morphology and syntax.


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Native initials
|+ Initial consonant mutations
|-
|-
! '''Radical'''
! rowspan=2 | Radical
! '''Lenition'''
! colspan=3 | Initial mutations
! '''Nasalisation'''
! colspan=3 | Internal mutations
! '''Aspiration'''
|-
|-
| p || b || m || f
! Lenition
! Aspiration
! Nasalisation
! Lenition
! Aspiration
! Nasalisation
|-
|-
| b || v || m || v
| p
| b
| f
| b
| b
| f
| hm
|-
|-
| t || d || n || θ
| b
| v
| p
| m
| v
| p
| m
|-
| t || d || θ || d || d || θ || hn
|-
|-
| ts || z || ɲ || θj
| c || ɟ || θj || ɟ || ɟ || θj || hɲ
|-
|-
| d || ð || n || ð
| d || ð || t || n || ð || t || n
|-
|-
| z || ðj || ɲ || ðj
| ɟ || ðj || c || ɲ || ðj || c || ɲ
|-
|-
| k || h || ŋ || x
| k || ɣ || x || ɣ || ɣ || x || hŋ
|-
|-
| tʃ || ʒ || ŋj || xj
| tʃ || ʒ || ɕ || ʒ || ʒ || ɕ || hɲ
|-
|-
| rowspan=2 | h
| ɣ || ∅ || k || ŋ || ∅ || k || ŋ
| w || ŋ || w (ɣ)
|-
|-
| ∅ || n
| rowspan=2 | ʒ
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| j || tʃ || ɲ || j || tʃ || ɲ
|-
|-
| ʒ || j || ŋj || j (ɣj)
| ç
| ʃ
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| ç
| ʃ
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|-
|-
| ð || j || n || dj
| z
| h
| s
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| h
| s
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|-
|-
| w
| s
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| z
| nw
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| gw
| z
| z
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| z
|-
|-
| ɥ
| ʃ
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| ʒ
| ɲw
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| gɥ
| ʒ
| ʒ
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| ʒ
|-
|-
| l
| x
| colspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| ∅
| hl
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| ∅
| ∅
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| ∅
|-
|-
| ʎ
| ɕ
| colspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| j
| hʎ
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| j
| j
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| j
|-
|-
| ɹ
| f
| colspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| h
| hɹ
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| h
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|-
|-
| f || v || v
| v
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| w
| f  
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| w
| f
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|-
|-
| hj || j || ɲ
| vj
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| j
| fj
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| j  
| fj
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|-
|-
| x || w || ŋ
| m
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| w  
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| w
| hm
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|-
|-
| ʃ || j || ŋj
| mj
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| j  
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| j
| hmj
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|-
|-
| θ || ð
| n
| colspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid solid none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| hn
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|-
|-
| m || colspan=3 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| ɲ
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid solid none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| hɲ
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|-
|-
| n || colspan=3 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| rowspan=2 | j
| rowspan=2 style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| dj
| rowspan=2 | ɲ
| rowspan=2 style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| dj
| rowspan=2 | ɲ
|-
|-
| ɲ || colspan=3 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| gj
| gj
|-
|-
| V
| w
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| n-V ||h-V
| gw
|}
| ŋ
 
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
| gw
|+ Loan word initials
| ŋ
|-
|-
! '''Radical'''
| l
! '''Lenition'''
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
! '''Nasalisation'''
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
! '''Aspiration'''
| style="border-style: solid solid none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| hl
| ml
|-
|-
| j
| ʎ
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| ɲ || dj
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid solid none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| hʎ
| mʎ
|-
|-
| s || z
| r
| colspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid solid none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| hr
| mr
|-
|-
| z || colspan=3 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| rj
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid solid none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| hrj
| mrj
|-
|-
| v || colspan=3 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| h
| colspan=3 style="border-style: solid solid none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| colspan=3 style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|-
|-
| ç
| colspan=3 style="border-style: solid solid none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| colspan=3 style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|}


|}


==Morphology==
==Morphology==
Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/317005...453871"

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