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Grekelin: Difference between revisions
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Language update (See here to see how the language was reformed)
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(Language update (See here to see how the language was reformed)) |
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==Alphabet and Orthography== | ==Alphabet and Orthography== | ||
The Grekelin alphabet consists of | The Grekelin alphabet consists of 28 letters, six of which are vowels and 22 are consonants. | ||
<center> | <center> | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;" | {| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;" | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="28" | Letters of the Grekelin alphabet | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Αα (/ə/) || Ββ (/v/) || Бб (/b/) || Γγ (/ɣ/) || Δδ (/ð) || Дд (/d/) || Εε (/ɛ/) || Ζζ (/zʲ) || Θθ (/tʰ/) || Ιι (/i/) || Κκ (/k/) || Λλ (/l/) || Μμ (/m/) || Νν (/n/) || Ξξ (/ks/) || Οο (/ɵ/) || Ππ (/p/) || Ρρ (/r̥/) || Σς (/s/) || Ss (/ʂ/) || Jj (/d͡z/) || Ττ (/t/) || Υυ (/ʊ/) || Φφ (/pʰ/) || Χχ (/kʰ/) || Ψψ (/ps/) || Ωω (/ɔː/) | | Αα (/ə/) || Ββ (/v/) || Бб (/b/) || Γγ (/ɣ/) || Δδ (/ð) || Дд (/d/) || Εε (/ɛ/) || Ζζ (/zʲ) || Θθ (/tʰ/) || Ιι (/i/) || Ηη (/i/) || Κκ (/k/) || Λλ (/l/) || Μμ (/m/) || Νν (/n/) || Ξξ (/ks/) || Οο (/ɵ/) || Ππ (/p/) || Ρρ (/r̥/) || Σς (/s/) || Ss (/ʂ/) || Jj (/d͡z/) || Ττ (/t/) || Υυ (/ʊ/) || Φφ (/pʰ/) || Χχ (/kʰ/) || Ψψ (/ps/) || Ωω (/ɔː/) | ||
|} | |} | ||
</center> | </center> | ||
The letters correspond always to their pronunciation, unless there's a borrow used (eg. ''είς''). The Grekelin orthography is considered a [[w:phonetic orthography|phonetic]], as opposed to deep orthographies like [[w:French orthography|French's]]. | The letters correspond always to their pronunciation, unless there's a borrow used (eg. ''είς''). The Grekelin orthography is considered a [[w:phonetic orthography|phonetic]], as opposed to deep orthographies like [[w:French orthography|French's]]. | ||
In addition, the following digraphs are used within the language: | |||
<center> | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;" | |||
! colspan="5" | Digraphs in Grekelin orthography | |||
|- | |||
| Ει (When behind a consonant or ο, it makes the /ji/ sound) || Κχ (Makes the /ɟkʰ/ sound) || Γγ (Makes the /ɡ/ sound) || αυ (Makes the /ɔ/ sound) || ζζ (Makes the /ʐ/ sound) || | |||
|} | |||
</center> | |||
Vowels are split into long and short vowels. Longer vowels are always stressed (If they appear twice or more in a word, the first one will be stressed), whereas short vowels may or may not be stressed. One exception is (ι) which can never be stressed. The short vowels are (α, ε, ι, υ and the long vowels are ω and η). | |||
The Grekelin orthography was reformed recently, as part of a larger reform within the conlang. As a result, some texts that preexisted on the internet may not comply with the modern form of the language. | |||
==Geographic Distribution and Demographics== | ==Geographic Distribution and Demographics== | ||
Grekelin today has about | Grekelin today has about 16 thousand speakers, spread out all across Central Europe. Out of them, 8.000 lived in Hungary, where a region uses it as an official language, another 2.500 live in Serbia or Greece, and 5.500 live in Slovakia or Ukraine ([[w:Carpathia|Carpathia]]). It forms the majority language in villages of [[w:North Banat|North Banat]] and some spread out parts of [[w:Slovakia|Slovakia]] and [[w:Ukraine|Ukraine]]. It forms a significant language in Hungary and is also spoken in [[w:Greece|Greece]], primarily from learners. Generally, its speakers are considered of Greek descent or natives of the land they live in, adopting Grekelin as their language. The populations of Serbia and Slovakia speak the Slavic dialect whereas the Hungarian and Greek populations speak the Standard dialect. | ||
==Stress== | ==Stress== | ||
Grekelin does not have any rules on the stress placement. The stress may go on any position <b>unless</b> the final vowel is doubled, where the stress is automatically passed there. The stress may be indicated with an accute accent ('), | Grekelin does not have any rules on the stress placement. The stress may go on any position <b>unless</b> the final vowel is doubled, where the stress is automatically passed there. The stress may be indicated with an accute accent ('), except for longer vowels which have to use a circumflex. | ||
When a word is an agglutinative one and is too long for a stress to be placed somewhere comfortably, the word may accept up to three stresses. Two syllables may not have more than 1 stress consecutively. | When a word is an agglutinative one and is too long for a stress to be placed somewhere comfortably, the word may accept up to three stresses. Two syllables may not have more than 1 stress consecutively. | ||
==Dialects== | ==Dialects== | ||
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===Slavic=== | ===Slavic=== | ||
The Slavic (''" | The Slavic (''"Διαλέκτα Σλαβήν"'', "/ðʝa'lɛkti sla'vin/" or "/ðʝa'lekti slaviŋ/") dialect can be distinguished by some certain features that aren't present in Standard Grekelin: | ||
<ul> | <ul> | ||
<li>Feature of [[w:Palatalization|Palatalization (phonetics)]], primarily borrowed from Russian and other Eastern Slavic languages.</li> | <li>Feature of [[w:Palatalization|Palatalization (phonetics)]], primarily borrowed from Russian and other Eastern Slavic languages.</li> | ||
<li>Skipping of the verb "to be" (έςτ') in the present tense (Τάν | <li>Skipping of the verb "to be" (έςτ') in the present tense (Τάν έςτα' εγύ βλεμινή -> Τάν' έγυ βλεμινή), if the subject can be assumed.</li> | ||
<li>In some more isolated places (South-East Slovakia for example), the Cyrillic alphabet is used altogether.</li> | <li>In some more isolated places (South-East Slovakia for example), the Cyrillic alphabet is used altogether.</li> | ||
<li>The letter "υ" represents the ''"ɨ"'' sound instead of the ''"u"'' one, when stressed.</li> | <li>The letter "υ" represents the ''"ɨ"'' sound instead of the ''"u"'' one, when stressed.</li> | ||
<li>Borrow of Slavic words instead of using Grekelin ones ('' | <li>Borrow of Slavic words instead of using Grekelin ones (''Ά κάρκα'' -> ''Ά στύλα'').</li> | ||
<li>Preserving the dative case (Είς | <li>Preserving the dative case (Είς ά μήρα -> Μηραηδύ) (NOTE: The dative case fixes the stress on the last syllable, which must be an ''ύ'').</li> | ||
</ul> | </ul> | ||
The Slavic dialect is spoken fluently in the Vojvodina region of Serbia, where it is flourishing as a local language. It is also spoken by a tiny community living in Čierna ( | The Slavic dialect is spoken fluently in the Vojvodina region of Serbia, where it is flourishing as a local language. It is also spoken by a tiny community living in Čierna (Jέρνα). | ||
===Urlogrockae=== | ===Urlogrockae=== | ||
The Urlogrockae (''" | The Urlogrockae (''"Υρλoγρέκελην"'', ''/urle'ɣrɛkelin/'' dialect is the one used as the standard language. It's closer to Hungarian when it comes to phonetics but closer to Greek when it comes to orthography. Key features of this dialect, compared to the Slavic one and mainly to other languages like Hungarian and Greek are: | ||
<ul> | <ul> | ||
<li>Skipping the final vowel in pronounciation, if it's a | <li>Skipping the final vowel in pronounciation, if it's a short one (υ or ι). | ||
<li>" | <li>"E" does not use the Proto-Grekelin "''/ɛ/''" sound but the Urlogrok "''/e/''". | ||
</ul> | </ul> | ||
==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||
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<i>I would like a coffee and biscuits, thank you.</i><br> | <i>I would like a coffee and biscuits, thank you.</i><br> | ||
<b>Grekelin</b><br> | <b>Grekelin</b><br> | ||
<i>( | <i>(Γρώ) θήλκο εγύ καφέ κιά κέбισκότη, jόμο.</i><br> | ||
===Lord's prayer=== | ===Lord's prayer=== | ||
{{Col-begin}} | {{Col-begin}} | ||
{{col-n|2}} | {{col-n|2}} | ||
:: | :: Πατρηή κεμεί | ||
:: | :: είς υρανά είςτασε | ||
:: | :: είς αγιάσιν νόμα ςεί, | ||
:: | :: είς ρεπατισμή βασιλέη ςεί | ||
:: | :: είς πείηση θήλεμα ςεί | ||
:: άς | :: είς γέα άς έςτα είς υρανό. | ||
:: | :: Δώκε κεμεί άρτη κεμεί | ||
:: | :: κιά ςχόρε κεάρματι κεμεί | ||
:: | :: αγώ κεςχορό κεαρμάτα δι κεμεί | ||
:: | :: κιά ού κοτςιύε κεμεί είς πείρη | ||
:: | :: Μα λήτροςε κεμεί χεπέ ροςζηή | ||
:: | :: Αμήν. | ||
{{col-n|2}} | {{col-n|2}} | ||
<i> | <i> | ||