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The general changes of individual sounds are fairly straightforward given the small inventory of PAI itself as well as its descendants. However in particular contexts many factors would have come into play at once, yielding more complex changes. Likewise roots were often extended with additional affixes in the daughter branches and so may not always correspond to them perfectly. | The general changes of individual sounds are fairly straightforward given the small inventory of PAI itself as well as its descendants. However in particular contexts many factors would have come into play at once, yielding more complex changes. Likewise roots were often extended with additional affixes in the daughter branches and so may not always correspond to them perfectly. | ||
===Laryngeal colouring=== | ===Laryngeal and rhotic colouring=== | ||
The back consonant {{ash|*q}} sometimes affected vowels in the daughter languages. | The back consonant {{ash|*q}} sometimes affected vowels in the daughter languages. | ||
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In this case we see backing of {{ash|*e}} to {{ash|*a}} in Ash while in Ish [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinoglottophilia rhinoglottophilia] served as one of the sources of its nasal vowels. Ish also appears to have extended the root with a suffix of which today remains only {{ash|/-ɰ/}}. | In this case we see backing of {{ash|*e}} to {{ash|*a}} in Ash while in Ish [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinoglottophilia rhinoglottophilia] served as one of the sources of its nasal vowels. Ish also appears to have extended the root with a suffix of which today remains only {{ash|/-ɰ/}}. | ||
The same seems to have happened around {{ash|*r}}: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! colspan="2" | PAI | |||
! colspan="2" | Ash | |||
! colspan="2" | Ish | |||
|- | |||
| {{ash|*nere}} | |||
| "nose" | |||
| → {{ash|*nana}} → {{ash|ıdna͠a}} | |||
| "nose" | |||
| → {{ash|nẽdẽ /tẽDẽ/}} | |||
| "nose" | |||
|} |
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