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Eucosmy: Difference between revisions
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==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Nouns are marked by high tone. | Nouns are marked by high tone, except see below. | ||
====Pronouns=== | Definiteness is marked with articles ''‘'' (indefinite) and ''h'' (definite). See also [[Eucosmy#Pronouns|Pronouns]]. | ||
====Pronouns==== | |||
Pronouns are as follows. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | |||
! rowspan="2" | Demonstrative !! rowspan="2" | Personal | |||
! this thing (by speaker) | |||
| iä= | |||
! 1st person | |||
| ia= | |||
|- | |||
! that thing (by listener) | |||
| üä= | |||
! 2nd person | |||
| üa= | |||
|- | |||
! ? | |||
| ïä= | |||
! ? | |||
| ïa= | |||
|- | |||
! that thing (by neither) | |||
| uä= | |||
! 3rd person | |||
| ua= | |||
|} | |||
Low tone can be applied to demonstrative and personal pronouns in place of high tone to form demonstrative adjectives and possessive pronouns respectively. This can also be done to articles to form relative pronouns. | |||
===Adjectives=== | ===Adjectives=== | ||
| Line 130: | Line 158: | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
Adjectives are marked by falling tone. | Adjectives are marked by falling tone. | ||
Voice is marked with particles ''s'' (active), ''s’'' (relative), ''z'' (passive). | |||
===Adverbs=== | ===Adverbs=== | ||
===Adpositions=== | ===Adpositions=== | ||
===Numerals=== | ===Numerals=== | ||
Numerals are marked as ordinal by rising tone and cardinal by falling tone. They are as follows. | Numerals are marked as ordinal by rising tone and cardinal by falling tone. They are as follows (excluding tone marking). | ||
- | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 | |||
|- | |||
| ‘ä || ‘i || ‘ee || ‘e || ‘ae | |||
|- | |||
! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 | |||
|- | |||
| ‘a || ‘ao || ‘o || ‘oo || ‘u | |||
|- | |||
! 10¹ !! 10² !! 10³ !! 10⁴ | |||
|- | |||
| ‘ü || ‘oe || ‘ö || ‘oa | |||
|- | |||
! ? !! ? !! ? !! ? | |||
|- | |||
| ‘ï || ‘eo || ‘ë || ‘ea | |||
|} | |||
===Derivational morphology=== | ===Derivational morphology=== | ||