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Balog: Difference between revisions
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For example, verb corresponding to the first person singular subject pronoun ("I") may be either '''''ž''''' or '''''žan'''''. Applying the b-ranked, definite subject nominal clitic ⫽aː⫽ results in '''''aaž''''' or '''''ažžan''''' respectively (both meaning 'I', with the latter being more emphatically singular, 'I and no one else'). The essive proclitic ⫽weː⫽ applied to '''''ž''''' or '''''žan''''' results in '''''weež''''' or '''''wežžan''''' respectively ('who is me') and the a sequence of essive ⫽weː⫽ and subordinate possessive ⫽niː⫽ applied to '''''ž''''' or '''''žan''''' results in '''''wenniiž''''' or '''''wennižžan''''' respectively ('my', 'which is mine'). | For example, verb corresponding to the first person singular subject pronoun ("I") may be either '''''ž''''' or '''''žan'''''. Applying the b-ranked, definite subject nominal clitic ⫽aː⫽ results in '''''aaž''''' or '''''ažžan''''' respectively (both meaning 'I', with the latter being more emphatically singular, 'I and no one else'). The essive proclitic ⫽weː⫽ applied to '''''ž''''' or '''''žan''''' results in '''''weež''''' or '''''wežžan''''' respectively ('who is me') and the a sequence of essive ⫽weː⫽ and subordinate possessive ⫽niː⫽ applied to '''''ž''''' or '''''žan''''' results in '''''wenniiž''''' or '''''wennižžan''''' respectively ('my', 'which is mine'). | ||
===Vowel Harmony=== | |||
All of the eight monophthongs and eleven diphthongs can be assigned to a harmonic class. Only /i/, /e/ and /ei/ are neutral. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! !! Neutral!! Front-</br>Harmonic || Back-</br>Harmonic | |||
|- | |||
! High Monophthongs | |||
| /i/ || /y/ || /u/ | |||
|- | |||
! Mid Monophthongs | |||
| /e/ || /ø/ || /o/ | |||
|- | |||
! Low Monophthongs | |||
| || /æ/ || /a/ | |||
|- | |||
! Mid Diphthongs to non-labial | |||
| /ei/ || /øi/ || /oi/ | |||
|- | |||
! Mid Diphthongs non-labial to labial | |||
| || /ey/ || /eu/ | |||
|- | |||
! Mid Diphthongs labial to labial | |||
| || /øy/ || /ou/ | |||
|- | |||
! High diphthongs to non-labial | |||
| || /æi/ || /ai/ | |||
|- | |||
! High diphthongs to labial | |||
| || /æy/ || /au/ | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
Individual morphemes in Balog cannot contain both front-harmonic and back-harmonic vowels. Both sets can coexist with neutral vowels. The front harmonic vowels are relatively rare in Balog, with the majority of roots containing only back-harmonic and or neutral vowels. | |||
In the standard dialect of Tšqaigal, the hub of the Balog empire, vowel harmony spreads only to derivational affixes. For example, the causative infix '''''-uw-''''' becomes '''''-üw-'''''when added to front-harmonic words such as '''''däz''''' ('be an assertion/claim') → '''''düwäz'''''. In other dialects, front vowel harmony may spread from subject clitics, including the subordinator '''''ää=''''', onto roots, neutralising the difference between front-harmonic and back-harmonic roots in these positions. Back vowel harmony does not spread from clitics to roots. | |||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||