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Rówok: Difference between revisions
→Instrumental/(a)comitative
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It is used in the following ways: | It is used in the following ways: | ||
*as a pure instrumental and comitative | *as a pure instrumental and comitative | ||
*as a pure caritive and | *as a pure caritive and acomitative¹ | ||
*as what would seem logical as the direct object of some middle verbs, such as '''play''' | *as what would seem logical as the direct object of some middle verbs, such as '''play''' | ||
*along with the [[#Adverbial form|adverb]] in the sense of a Latin [[:w:Ablative absolute|ablative absolute]] | *along with the [[#Adverbial form|adverb]] in the sense of a Latin [[:w:Ablative absolute|ablative absolute]] | ||
¹Like the [[#Locatives|locative cases]], the instrumental features a semantic allophonic variant. Namely the voiced variant '''-gdx/gXd''' has the meanings listed above, largely translated as '''with''' or "by means of" in English, while the unvoiced version '''-ktX/-kXt''' is used as a '''caritive''' or '''acomitative''', usually translated as "without" or "lacking". | |||
===Nominal derivation=== | ===Nominal derivation=== | ||