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Old Grekelin: Difference between revisions
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'''Old Grekelin''' (Grekelin: ''Paleá Grekelénikin'', [pɑ.ɫɛ.ˈɑ ɡrɛkɛˈɫɛnikin]) is the initial stage of [[Grekelin]], when it first began splitting from Greek between the 11th to 16th centuries during the Greek migration to Hungary. While considered a single language, it was a dialect continuum stretching from Belgrade to Budapest. It can also be described as a dialect, since it remained mutually intelligible with Medieval Greek at that point. | |||
The migration of Greek populations and their settlements in the Kingdom of Hungary created a massive distance between Greek and Grekelin, and with little education and linguistic isolation, the Greek populace began speaking a divergent dialect, with lots of Hungarian influence, that eventually made the language split from Greek. By the time of Greek independence (19th century), the Grekelin speakers had already a highly divergent language that didn't resemble Greek as much. | The migration of Greek populations and their settlements in the Kingdom of Hungary created a massive distance between Greek and Grekelin, and with little education and linguistic isolation, the Greek populace began speaking a divergent dialect, with lots of Hungarian influence, that eventually made the language split from Greek. By the time of Greek independence (19th century), the Grekelin speakers had already a highly divergent language that didn't resemble Greek as much. | ||
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==History== | ==History== | ||
In the 11th century, following the [[w:Battle_of_Manzikert|Battle of Manzikert]] and with the Byzantine Empire constantly declining, many Greeks from Asia Minor began | In the 11th century, following the [[w:Battle_of_Manzikert|Battle of Manzikert]] and with the Byzantine Empire constantly declining, many Greeks from the south of Asia Minor (Where later the Cappadocian dialect would develop) began settling parts of the Kingdom of Hungary, which offered them prestigious rights within the state in exchange for volunteering in the army and protecting the Kingdom's borders. As the number of them began increasing, they began founding Greek villages in the countryside, where they could still communicate as they now amounted up to 100.000. The first villages were built along the Danube, in Hungarian and Serb majority areas back then. | ||
From the mid-14th to the 17th century Ottoman expansion in the Balkans reached Grekelin-speaking areas, reducing the spoken language's population significantly. Regardless, the language managed to remain alive within the Austrian Empire (Where the most conservative dialects are found as well), which had conquered the northernmost parts of what is now Slovakia and Czechia. Ottoman rule imported some words that are cognates with Greek ones (Eg. **Χαράτσι, Haradza** (Unjustified high tax), **Μπαχάρι, Baharya** (Spice)). The language however, being spoken for over 300 years at this point, had changed significantly, and, due to constant wars and rebellions in the region, now had three different dialects. | From the mid-14th to the 17th century Ottoman expansion in the Balkans reached Grekelin-speaking areas, reducing the spoken language's population significantly. Regardless, the language managed to remain alive within the Austrian Empire (Where the most conservative dialects are found as well), which had conquered the northernmost parts of what is now Slovakia and Czechia. Ottoman rule imported some words that are cognates with Greek ones (Eg. **Χαράτσι, Haradza** (Unjustified high tax), **Μπαχάρι, Baharya** (Spice)). The language however, being spoken for over 300 years at this point, had changed significantly, and, due to constant wars and rebellions in the region, now had three different dialects. | ||
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==Example Texts== | ==Example Texts== | ||
===Digenes Acritas (Translated)=== | ===Digenes Acritas (Translated)=== | ||
This is a small part of the [[w:Digenes_Akritas|Digenes Acritas]] song, translated into | This is a small part of the [[w:Digenes_Akritas|Digenes Acritas]] song, translated into Old Grekelin. It was one of the few surviving Byzantine songs in the era, and it's one of the few texts to be written using the Greek script. Notable parts include the use of the [[w:Digamma|digamma]] to denote the now lost /w/ sound, the use of [ζ̌] to indicate the /ʑ/ sound and the introduction of the [σζ] digraph to show the /ʃ/ sound. | ||
For comparison, the original verse is put by the side. Do note that the tildes do not mean much in pronunciation of the text. The version of the text displayed here is from the 17th century, about 5 centuries after the original was written down: | For comparison, the original verse is put by the side. Do note that the tildes do not mean much in pronunciation of the text, they were kept for historical reasons mainly. The version of the text displayed here is from the 17th century, about 5 centuries after the original was written down: | ||
<center> | <center> | ||
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Κί σάμα είϝλαϊν ἀδέρφια | Κί σάμα είϝλαϊν τα ἀδέρφια τἐ ά κόρα μαραμέναν, | ||
μασζἇ αῑ πένδε ρεστένατσζαν, δάτο λόγο λάλιαν: | |||
'Ρἐστάσζε, ά λεγένυα, εῑδεσζην αδερφήν μἦ | 'Ρἐστάσζε, ά λεγένυα, εῑδεσζην αδερφήν μἦ | ||
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κὶ ά Θιὸς φέλατσζε σἧ έτσζ σέπυως κάλλεως σἧ. | κὶ ά Θιὸς φέλατσζε σἧ έτσζ σέπυως κάλλεως σἧ. | ||
Πόλεμους | Πόλεμους οὐκ φοβὧμεθα έκ ἀγάπης σἧ.' | ||
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